»Öÿ´ÆðÀ´Ã»Óиı䡣µ«ÊÇ£¬µ±ÔÚÖ½ÉÏ»µÄÔ²ÔÚÈÆ×Å´¹Ö±ÓÚÖ½µÄÖáÏßÐýתʱ£¬ÈκÎʱºò¿´ÆðÀ´ÊÇûÓб仯µÄ¡£Òò´Ë£¬Ô²Õ¹Ê¾ÁËÒ»¸öÁ¬ÐøÐýתµÄ¶Ô³Æ¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÌÀÆÕɵÄʱ¼äÂÃÐÐÀíÂÛ
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡´Ëͼ½âÊÍÁËÂí¶û¿ÆÄ·£¿Ê·ÃÜ˹£¨Malcolm¡¡Smith£©ÔÚÀ×£¿ÅÁĬ¶ûµÄ¡¶ÆæÒì¹ÊÊ¡·Öн²µÄ¡¶ÌÀÆÕɵÄʱ¼äÂÃÐÐÀíÂÛ¡·£¨Thompson¡¯S¡¡Time¡¡Traveling¡¡Theory£©µÄ¹ÊÊ£¨1944£©¡£ÔÚÕâ¸ö¹ÊÊÂÖУ¬Ò»¸öʱ¹â»úÆ÷µÄ·¢Ã÷Õß×öÁËÒ»¸öËùνµÄÒ»¸öÈ˻ص½¹ýÈ¥£¬É±ËÀÁË×Ô¼ºµÄ×游µÄ×游µÄã£ÂÛʵÑé¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ò»¸öÀà¿ÕºÍÀàʱÊÀ½çµÄ¹â׵ͼʾ£¨ÄǽðÖ®ºó£¬1993£©¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÆäËûµÄһЩÓйØÁ¬Ðø¶Ô³ÆµÄÀý×ÓÊÇʱ¿ÕµÄת»¯ºÍÐýת¡£Ç°ÕßÖ¸µÄÊÇ£¬¾Í×ÔÈ»·¨Ôò¶øÑÔ£¬ÔÚ¿Õ¼äºÍʱ¼äÉÏËùÓеĵ㶼Êǵȼ۵ġ£ºóÕßÖ¸µÄÊÇÔڿռ䣨¿Õ¼äµÄ¸÷ÏòͬÐÔ£©¸÷¸ö·½Ïò¶¼Êǵȼ۵ġ£ÀëÉ¢¶Ô³ÆµÄÁ½¸öÖØÒªÀý×Ó¾ÍÊǿռ䷴ÑݺÍʱ¼ä·´Ñݲ»±äÐÔ¡£Ò»Ð©×ÔÈ»·¨ÔòÔÚ΢СµÄ·´ÑݺÍÄæתµÄʱ¼ä·½ÏòÏÂÊDz»»á¸Ä±äµÄ¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Êغ㶨ÂɳÂÊöÁËÒ»¸öϵͳÀïµÄijЩÎïÀí²ÎÊýÔÚʱ¼ä½ø»¯¹ý³ÌÖеIJ»±äÐÔ¡£ÀýÈ磬ÔÚ¾µäÎïÀíѧÖУ¨·ÇÏà¶ÔÂÛÐԵģ©£¬Ò»¸öϵͳµÄ×ÜÖÊÁ¿ÔÚÅöײ֮ǰºÍÖ®ºó¶¼Êǹ̶¨²»±äµÄ£¨ÖÊÁ¿Êغ㶨ÂÉ£©¡£ÀàËƵģ¬Ï߶¯Á¿ºÍ½Ç¶¯Á¿ÒÔ¼°Ò»¸öϵͳµÄ×ܶ¯Á¿ÔÚÏà¶ÔÂÛÐԺͷÇÏà¶ÔÂÛÐÔÖж¼×ñÊØÊغ㶨ÂÉ¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÓÉÓÚÎïÀíѧÉϵÄÀ¸ñÀÊÈÕ±í´ïʽµÄ³öÏÖ£¬Êغ㶨ÂɵĴæÔÚÒ²ºÍ»ù±¾ÎïÀí¶¨ÂɶԳÆÓйء£ÀýÈ磬Ï߶¯Á¿µÄÊغãÊÇÔÚ¿Õ¼äת±äÏ»òÕß¿Õ¼ä¾ùÒ»ÐÔÏÂÀ¸ñÀÊÈÕ²»±äʽµÄÖ±½Ó½á¹û¡£½Ç¶¯Á¿µÄÊغãÊÇÐýת²»±äʽµÄÒ»¸ö½á¹û¡£Ôڿռ䷴ÑÝϵĶԳÆÐγÉÁËͬλһÖÂÐÔ¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÎªÁËÕÒ³öÊغ㶨Âɵı¾ÖÊ£¬ÎÒÃÇÐèÒªÑо¿ÔÚϵͳÖÐÁ¦µÄÐÔÖʺÍÏà¹ØµÄ¶Ô³ÆÐÔ¡£ÒòΪËùÓеÄÁ¦¶¼À´×ÔÓÚÆäDZÔÚµÄÄÜÁ¿£¬ËùÒÔͨ¹ýDZÔÚµÄÄÜÁ¿À´ÕÒ³öÊغ㶨Âɵı¾ÖÊÊÇ¿ÉÄܵġ£±ÈÈ磬µØÇòºÍÌ«Ñôͨ¹ýÁ¦µÄ×÷ÓÃÏ໥ÎüÒý£¬¶øÕâ¸öÁ¦Ö»ÊÇÈ¡¾öÓÚÕâÁ½ÕߵľàÀë¶ø·ÇËüÃǵķ½Ïò£¨Ò»¸öÖÐÐÄÁ¦£©¡£Á¦µÄ¶¨ÂÉÊDz»±äµÄ£¬Òò´Ë¿ÉÒԵóö½Ç¶¯Á¿Êغ㡣ÒòΪ½Ç¶¯Á¿µÄ·½ÏòÊÇ´¹Ö±ÓÚÐýתµÄƽÃæµÄ£¬Òò´ËµØÇòºÍÌ«ÑôÓÀÔ¶¹Ì¶¨ÔÚͬһƽÃæÉÏ¡£ËùÒÔ˵£¬ÈÎÒâµÄÁ½¸öÎïÌåÖ®¼ä¶¼ÓÐÒ»¸öÖÐÐÄÁ¦Ï໥×÷Óá£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¶Ô³ÆÐÔ½öÏÞÓÚijЩ×îÖÕµÄ״̬£¬Ò»µ©Ôʼ״̬Êܵ½Ó°Ï죬·´¹ýÀ´£¬Ò²¾Í°µÊ¾×Å×îÖÕ״̬ÔÚ±íÃæÉÏÊDZ»½ûÖ¹µÄ¡£Ö§ÅäÕâÖÖת±äµÄ¶¨Âɱ»Ñ§Êõ½ç³ÆΪѡÔñÐÔ¶¨ÂÉ£¬ÕâÖÖ¶¨ÂÉÔÚÔ×ÓϵͳµÄÑо¿Öзdz£ÖØÒª¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÄÚÔڵĶԳƺÍʱ¿Õ
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ä¿Ç°ÎªÖ¹£¬¶Ô³ÆÐÔµÄÌÖÂÛÉæ¼°¿Õ¼ä»òÕßʱ¼ä£¬»òÕßÁ½ÕßͬʱÉæ¼°¡£Ä³Ð©¶Ô³ÆÐÔ´æÔÚÓÚ¡°¶Ô³Æ²Ù×÷¡±°ÑÎïÖʵÄÒ»ÖÖ״̬¸Ä±ä³ÉÁíÒ»ÖÖ״̬ʱ¡£±ÈÈ磬ÎÒÃÇÖªµÀ£¬ÔÚÔ×ÓºËÖУ¬Í¬ÑùµÄÁ¦´æÔÚÓÚÖÊ×Ó¡ÖÊ×Ó£¬ÖÊ×Ó¡ÖÐ×ÓºÍÖÐ×Ó¡ÖÐ×ÓÖУ¬ÕâÒ²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬ÔÚÖÊ×ÓºÍÖÐ×ÓÖдæÔÚ×ÅÒ»ÖÖÎïÖʵĶԳơ£ÔÚÒ»¸öÏëÏóµÄ¡°¿Õ¼ä¡±ÖУ¬ÖÊ×ÓºÍÖÐ×ÓÀ´×ÔÁ½¸ö¼ÙÉèµÄ·½Ïò£¬ÔÚÒ»¶¨¿Õ¼äµÄÈÎÒâÐýת²»»áÓ°ÏìÔ×Ӻ˵ÄÎȶ¨£¬ÕâÖÖÌØÐÔ±»³ÆΪͬλ¶Ô³Æ¡£ÔÚÕâÑùÒ»¸ö¿Õ¼äÖаüº¬µÄÆäËûÁ£×ÓÐγÉÁ˸ü¸ßµÈµÄçÛÕý¶Ô³ÆÐÔ¡£ÄÚ²¿¶Ô³ÆµÄÆäËûÀý×ÓÓеçºÉ¡¢ÖØ×ÓÊýµÈµÈ¡£ÕâЩÄÚ²¿µÄ¶Ô³ÆÐÔ»ùÓÚÒ»¸öÐéÄâµÄÄÚ²¿¿Õ¼ä¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÄÚ²¿¶Ô³Æ¿ÉÔÚÈÎһʱ¿ÕµãÉÏÒÔÏàͬ»òÕß²»Í¬µÄ·½Ê½´æÔÚ¡£ÈËÃǰѺóÒ»ÖÖÇéÐγÆ×÷¹æ·¶¶Ô³ÆÐÔ¡£ÔÚ20ÊÀ¼Í60Äê´ú£¬ÀíÂۼҰѹ淶¶Ô³ÆÐÔÓ¦ÓÃÓÚÈõÁ¦ºÍµç´ÅÁ¦ÖС£ËûÃÇÈÏΪ¡°×Ô·¢¶Ô³ÆÐÔÆÆ»µ¡±ÔÚÀíÂÛÉÏÓÐ×ÅÍêÃÀµÄ¶Ô³ÆÐÔ£¬È»¶øÔÚÎïÀí±íÏÖÖÐÈ´ÎÞ·¨ÌåÏÖÕâÒ»ÍêÃÀ¶Ô³ÆÐÔ¡£½á¹û¾ÍÊDzúÉúÁËÒ»¸ö°üº¬Á½¸öÁ¦µÄÈõµçÀíÂ۵ĵ¥Ò»ÊýѧģÐÍ¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÎÒÃÇËùÖªµÄÊÇ£¬¿Õ¼äÊÇÓɲ»Í¬µÄά¶È¹¹³ÉµÄ£¬¶øʱ¼äÔÚÕâЩά¶ÈÖв¢²»ÊÇÒÔͬÑùµÄ·½Ê½´æÔÚ¡£ÀíÂÛÉϽ²£¬¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý´¦Àí¶àά¿Õ¼äÀ´´©Ô½Ê±¼äËíµÀ¡£ÄÑÒÔÖÃÐŵØÊÇ£¬ÎïÀíѧ¸æËßÎÒÃÇ£¬ËùÓеĶ«Î÷¶¼ÊÇͨ¹ý²»Í¬µÄ³¡½øÐÐÄÚÔÚÁ¬½ÓµÄ£ºÒýÁ¦³¡¡¢µç³¡¡¢´Å³¡¡¢Ô×ӽṹµÄÈõÁ¦ÒÔ¼°Ê±¼ä¡£Ê±¿ÕÂÃÐÐÔÚÀíÂÛÉϺÁÎÞÕÏ°£¬ÉõÖÁ¿ÉÒÔ˵£¬Ê±¿ÕÂÃÐкÍʱ¿ÕÒì³£ÊÇÕû¸öÓîÖæµÄ¹¹³É²¿·ÖÖ®Ò»¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡±¾ÕÂÖеIJÄÁÏ´ó¶àÊýÀ´×ÔÓÚ¡¶¸ðÂÞÀï°Ù¿ÆÈ«Êé¡·£¨The¡¡Grolier¡¡Multimedia¡¡Encyclopedia£©£¬²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×ÈçÏ£ºÖØÁ¦Ñ§²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×£º
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡²®¸ñÂü£¿P¡£G¡£µÄ¡¶ÒýÁ¦Ö®ÃÕ¡·£¨Bergmann¡£P¡£G¡££¬The¡¡Riddle¡¡of¡¡Gravitation£¬1968£©£¬»ô½ð£¿S¡£WºÍÒÔÉ«ÁУ¿WµÄ¡¶Èý°ÙÄêÍòÓÐÒýÁ¦Ê·¡·£¨Hawking¡£S¡£W¡¡&¡¡Israel£¿W£¬Three¡¡Hundred¡¡Years¡¡of¡¡Gravitation£¬1987Äê³õ°æ£¬1989ÄêÔٰ棩£¬ÂíÐÞ˹µÈ±à¼µÄ¡¶ÍòÓÐÒýÁ¦£¬Á¿×Ó³¡ºÍ³¬ÏÒÀíÂÛ¡·£¨Mathe¡¡Fields¡¡and¡¡Superstrings£¬1988£©£¬Ã×˹ÄÉ£¿²é¶û˹µÈ±àÖøµÄ¡¶ÍòÓÐÒýÁ¦¡·£¨Misner¡¡Charles£¬Gravitation£¬1973£©£¬¹ú¼ÒÑо¿Î¯Ô±»á³ö°æµÄ¡¶ÍòÓÐÒýÁ¦£¬ÓîÖæÂÛºÍÓîÖæÉäÏßÎïÀí¡·£¬£¨Gravitation£¬Cosmology¡¡and¡¡Cosmic¡Ray¡¡Physics£¬1986£©£¬Ë÷¶÷£¿K¡£SµÄ¡¶ÒýÁ¦·øÉä¡·£¨Thorne¡¡K¡£S£¬Gravitational¡¡Radiation£¬1989£©£¬°²¶«ÄáµÄ¡¶Ò»¸öÀÏÈ˵ÄÍæ¾ß¡·£¨Anthony£¬An¡¡Old¡¡Man's¡¡Toy£¬1989£©¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ïà¶ÔÂÛÎÄÏ×£º
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡°¢Î¬Ä᣿AµÄ¡¶Ê±¼äµÛ¹ú£ºÈÕÀú£¬Ê±ÖÓºÍÎÄ»¯¡·£¨Aveni¡£A£¬Emipres¡¡of¡¡Time£ºCalendars£¬Clocks¡¡and¡¡Cultures£¬1989£©£¬¿ÂÎÄÄ᣿PºÍº£·Æ¶ûµÂ£¿RµÄ¡¶Ê±¼äÖ®¼ý¡·£¨Coveney¡£P£¬Highfield¡£R¡££¬The¡¡Arrow¡¡of¡¡Time£¬1991£©£¬¿Â¶÷£¿H¡£JµÄ¡¶Ê±¼ä¼°Æä²âÁ¿£º´ÓʯÆ÷ʱ´úµ½Ô×ÓÄÜʱ´ú¡·£¨Cowan£¿H¡£J£¬Time¡¡and¡¡Its¡¡Measurement£ºForm¡¡the¡¡Stone¡¡Age¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Nuclear¡¡Age£¬1958£©£¬´÷ά˹£¿pµÄ¡¶ÓйØʱ¼ä£º°®Òò˹̹δÍê³ÉµÄ¸ïÃü¡·£¨Davies¡£P£¬About¡¡Time£ºEinstein's¡¡Unifnished¡¡Revolution£¬1995£©£¬°£¶û¶Ù£¿L¡£R¡£BµÄ¡¶Ê±¼äºÍÈËÀà¡·£¨Elton¡£L¡£R¡£B£¬Time¡¡and¡¡Man£¬1987£©£¬¸¥ÀµÂ£¿RºÍÂå¿ËΤµÂ£¿MºÏÖøµÄ¡¶Ê±¼äµÄ±¾ÖÊ¡·£¨Flood¡£R£¬Lockwood¡£M£¬The¡¡Nature¡¡of¡¡Time£¬1987£©£¬¸¥À×Ôó£¿J¡£TµÄ¡¶Ê±¼äµÄ·¢Éú¼°Ñݱ䡷£¨Fraser¡£J¡£T£¬The¡¡Genesis¡¡and¡¡Evolution¡¡of¡¡Time£¬1982£©£¬ºÀ˹£¿DµÄ¡¶¸ñÁÖÄáÖÎʱºÍ¾¶ÈµÄ·¢ÏÖ¡·£¨Howse¡£D£¬Greenwich¡¡Time¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Discovery¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Longitude£¬1980£©£¬¿ÆÆÕÆõ¶÷˹»ù£¿WºÍÌØÀÍÌØÂü£¿AµÄ¡¶¿Õ¼ä£¬Ê±¼äÒÔ¼°ÍòÓÐÒýÁ¦¡·£¨Kopczynski¡£W£¬Trautman¡£A£¬Space£¬Time¡¡and¡¡Gravitation£¬1992£©£¬ÆÕÍßµÂÍò£¿ÂÞ±öºÍÂó¿Ë°×£¿ÄªÀïºÏÖøµÄ¡¶Ê±¼äµÄÕÜѧ¡·£¨Le¡¡Poidevin¡¡Robin£¬Macbeath¡¡Murray£¬The¡¡Philosophy¡¡of¡¡Time£¬1993£©£¬Å·ÂêÀò£¿MµÄ¡¶±£³Ö¾¯Ì裺ÃÀ¹úʱ¿ÕÊ·¡·£¨O'Malley¡£M£¬Keeping¡¡Watch£ºA¡¡History¡¡of¡¡Time¡¡in¡¡America£¬1990Äê³õ°æ£¬1991ÄêÔٰ棩£¬ÍжûÃôS£¿VºÍ¹ÅµÂ·Æ¶ùµÂ£¿JµÄ¡¶·¢ÏÖʱ¼ä¡·£¨Toulmin¡£S¡£V£¬Goodfield¡£J£¬The¡¡Discovery¡¡of¡¡Time£¬1976Äê³õ°æ£¬1982ÄêÔٰ棩£¬»ÝÌØÂÞ£¿G¡£JµÄ¡¶Ê±¼äÕÜѧµÄ±¾ÖÊ¡·£¨Whitrow¡£G¡£J£¬The¡¡Natural¡¡Philosophy¡¡of¡¡Time£¬µÚ¶þ°æ£¬1981£©£¬°²¼ª¶ûR¡£BµÄ¡¶Ïà¶ÔÂÛ¡·£¨Angel¡£R¡£B£¬Relativity£¬1980£©£¬²¨¶÷£¿Âí¿Ë˼µÄ¡¶°®Òò˹̹µÄÏà¶ÔÂÛ¡·£¨Born¡¡Max£¬Einstein's¡¡Theory¡¡of¡¡Relativity£¬ÐÞ¶©°æ£¬1962£©£¬²ÌÉ£¿°£Àï¿ËµÄ¡¶Ïà¶ÔÂÛ˵¡·£¨Chaisson¡¡Eric£¬Relativity¡¡Speaking£¬1990£©£¬°¢¶û²®ÌØ£¿°®Òò˹̹µÄ¡¶Ïà¶ÔÂÛµÄÒâÒå¡·£¨The¡¡Meaning¡¡of¡¡Relativity£¬µÚÎå°æ£¬1956£©£¬¼ÓµÂÄÉ£¿Ë¹Ì¹µÄ¡¶¶Ô°®Òò˹̹Ïà¶ÔÂÛµÄÈÏÖª¡·£¨Gardner¡¡Stan£¬Understanding¡¡Einstein's¡¡Theory¡¡of¡¡Relativity£¬1991£©£¬ÂÞËØ£¿²®ÌØÀ¼µÄ¡¶Ïà¶ÔÂÛ»ù´¡¡·£¨Russell¡¡Bertrand£¬The¡¡ABC¡¡of¡¡Relativity£¬µÚÈý°æ£¬1969Äê³õ°æ£¬1985ÄêÔٰ棩£¬ÌÕ²®£¿G¡£EµÄ¡¶Ïà¶ÔÂÛ¡·£¨Tauber¡£G¡£E¡££¬Relativity£¬1988£©£¬Íþ¶û£¿¿ÂÀû¸¥µÂ£¿MµÄ¡¶°®Òò˹̹ÊǶԵÄÂ𣿡·£¨Will¡¡Clifford¡£M£¬Was¡¡Einstein¡¡Right£¬1988£©¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Á¿×ÓÁ¦Ñ§ÎÄÏ×£º
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡²®¸ñ£¿Âü±ËµÃ£¿GµÄ¡¶Ïà¶ÔÂÛµÄÈëÃÅ¡·£¨Bergmann¡¡Peter¡£G£¬Introduction¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Theory¡¡of¡¡Relativity£¬1942Äê³õ°æ£¬1976ÄêÔٰ棩£¬µÂά¼Ó£¿H¡£JºÍÉ£µÂ˹£¿NºÏÖøµÄ¡¶³¡ÂÛ£¬Á¿×ÓÒýÁ¦ºÍÏÒ¡·£¨De¡¡Vega¡£H¡£J£¬Sanders¡£N£¬Field¡¡Theory£¬Quantum¡¡Gravity£¬and¡¡Strings£¬1986£©£¬°¢¶û²®ÌØ£¿°®Òò˹̹µÄ¡¶Ïà¶ÔÂÛµÄÒâÒå¡·£¨The¡¡Meaning¡¡of¡¡Relativity£¬µÚÎå°æ£¬1956£©£¬ººµÂÂÞ¿Ë£¿²é¶û˹µÄ¡¶³¡ÂÛ¼°Æä¾µäÎÊÌâ¡·£¨Hadlock¡¡Charles£¬Field¡¡Theory¡¡and¡¡Its¡¡Classical¡¡Problems£¬1979£©£¬Äª¹þÅÁÌØÀµÄ¡¶Í³Ò»ºÍ³¬¶Ô³ÆÐÔ¡·£¨Mohapatra£¬Unification¡¡and¡¡Supersymmetry£¬1986£©£¬ÍÐÀïÀ×ÌØ£¿ÂêÀöµÄ¡¶°®Òò˹̹µÄͳһ³¡ÀíÂÛ¡·£¨Tonnelat¡¡Marie£¬Einstein's¡¡Theory¡¡of¡¡Unified¡¡Fields£¬1966£©£¬²®¶÷˹̹£¿½ÜÀïÃ׵ġ¶Á¿×ÓÆÊÃæͼ¡·£¨Bernstein¡¡Jeremy£¬Quantum¡¡Profiles£¬1991£©£¬ÇÐ˹ÌØ£¿ÂíÎĵġ¶Á¿×ÓÁ¦Ñ§µÄ¾«»ª¡·£¨Chester¡¡Marvin£¬Prime¡¡of¡¡Quantum¡¡Mechanics£¬ÐÞ¶©°æ£¬1992£©£¬·ÑÒò²®¸ñ£¿½ÜÀ¶ûµÂµÄ¡¶ÊÀ½çÊÇÓÉʲô¹¹³ÉµÄ£¿¡·£¨Feinberg¡¡Gerald£¬What¡¡Is¡¡the¡¡World¡¡Made¡¡Of£¬1977£©£¬º«£¿M¡£YµÄ¡¶¿ÉÄܵÄÓîÖæ¡·£¨Han¡£M¡£Y¡££¬The¡¡Probable¡¡Universe£¬1992£©£¬Ï£Àû£¿R¡£AµÄ¡¶Á¿×ÓÁ¦Ñ§µÄÕÜѧ¡·£¨Healey¡£R¡£A£¬The¡¡Philosophy¡¡of¡¡Quantum¡¡Mechanics£¬1991£©£¬ºÕ²®ÌØ£¿Äá¿ËµÄ¡¶Á¿×ÓµÄÕæʵÐÔ¡·£¨Herbert¡¡Nick£¬Quantum¡¡Reality£¬1985£©£¬½Ü÷¶û£¿Âí¿Ë˹µÄ¡¶Á¿×ÓÁ¦Ñ§µÄ¸ÅÄî·¢Õ¹¡·£¨Jammer¡¡Max£¬The¡¡Conceptual¡¡Development¡¡of¡¡Quantum¡¡Mechanics£¬1966£©£¬ÅÁ¸ñ¶û˹£¿º£Òò´Ä£¿RµÄ¡¶ÓîÖæµÄÃÜÂë¡·£¨Pagels¡¡Heinz¡¡R£¬The¡¡Cosmic¡¡Code£¬1982£©£¬»ÝÀÕ£¿Ô¼º²ºÍÎÖÒÀÇкպÏÖøµÄ¡¶Á¿×ÓÂÛ¼°Æä²âÁ¿¡·£¨Wheeler¡¡John£¬easurement£¬1983£©¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡³¬ÏÒÀíÂÛÎÄÏ×£º
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡±ËµÃ£¿¸¥ÂåÒÁµÂºÍÂíººÈöÅÁ£¿K¡£TºÏÖøµÄ¡¶³¬ÏÒ¡·£¨Peter¡¡Frenud£¬¡¡Mahanthappa¡¡K¡£T£¬Superstrings£¬1988£©£¬¸Ç´ÄºÍ¹þÅÂÌØÀ£¿R¡£NºÏÖøµÄ¡¶³¬ÏÒ¡·£¨Gates£¬Mohapatra¡¡R¡£N£¬Superstrings£¬1987£©£¬ÁÖµÂÀ³£¿´÷άµÄ¡¶×îºóµÄÎïÀí¡·£¨Lindley¡¡David£¬The¡¡End¡¡of¡¡Physics£¬1993£©£¬±ËµÃ£¿F¡£DµÄ¡¶³¬ÏҺͶÔÍòÎïÀíÂÛµÄËÑÑ°¡·£¨Peat¡¡F¡£D£¬Superstrings¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Search¡¡for¡¡the¡¡Theory¡¡of¡¡Everything£¬1989£©£¬²®¶÷˹̹£¿½ÜÀïÃ׵ġ¶µÚʮά¶È¡·£¨Bernstein¡¡Jeremy£¬The¡¡Tenth¡¡Dimension£¬1989£©£¬·Ñ¶÷²®¸ñ£¿½ÜÀ¶ûµÂµÄ¡¶ÊÀ½çÊÇÓÉʲô¹¹³ÉµÄ¡·£¬ÀïÇУ¿¹þÀ¶ûµÂµÄ¡¶¿ä¿Ë¡·£¨Fritzsche¡¡Harald£¬Quarks£¬1983£©£¬ÅÁ¸ñ¶û˹£¿º£Òò´ÄµÄ¡¶ÓîÖæµÄÃÜÂë¡·ºÍ¡¶ÍêÃÀµÄ¶Ô³ÆÐÔ¡·£¨Pagels¡¡Heinz£¬The¡¡Cosmic¡¡Code£¬1982Äê³õ°æ£¬1984ÄêÔٰ棬Perfect¡¡Symmetry£¬1986£©£¬Ë¹µÙÎÄ£¿Î²®¸ñµÄ¡¶ÑÇÔ×ÓÁ£×Ó¡·£¨Steven¡¡Weinberg£¬Subatomic¡¡Particles£¬1983Äê³õ°æ£¬1990ÄêÔٰ棩¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¶Ô³ÆÐÔÎÄÏ×£º
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡²¼ÂåºÕ£¿±ËµÃµÄ¡¶»ù±¾µÄ¶Ô³ÆÐÔ¡·£¨Bloch¡¡Peter£¬Fundamental¡¡Symmetries£¬1987£©£¬²¨ÌØÂü£¿°¬Â׵ȱàÖøµÄ¡¶¶Ô³ÆÐÔ¼°ÆäÔÚ¿ÆѧÉϵÄÓ¦Óá·£¨Boardman¡¡Allan£¬Symmetry¡¡and¡¡Its¡¡Applications¡¡in¡¡Science£¬1973£©£¬¿¼¿Ë˹Ìصġ¶¼¸ºÎѧÈëÃÅ¡·£¨Coxeter£¬Introduction¡¡to¡¡Grometry£¬µÚ¶þ°æ£¬1989£©£¬£¿°¬Ä¬ÉúµÄ¡¶ÔÚÁ£×ÓÎïÀíѧÖеĶԳÆÐÔ·¨Ôò¡·£¨Emmerson£¬Symmetry¡¡Principles¡¡in¡¡Particle¡¡Physics£¬1972£©£¬¼ÓµÂÄÉ£¿Âí¶¡µÄ¡¶Í¨ÓõÄÓîÖ棺¾µ×ӶԳƺÍʱ¿ÕŤתµÄÊÀ½ç¡·£¨Gardner¡¡Martin£¬The¡¡Ambidextrous¡¡Universe£ºMirror¡¡Asymmetry¡¡and¡¡Time¡Reversed¡¡Worlds£¬ÐÞ¶©°æ£¬1979£©£¬ÀûÏ£ëø±´¸ñµÄ¡¶çÛÕý¶Ô³ÆÐԺͳõ¼¶Á£×Ó¡·£¨Lichtenberg£¬Unitary¡¡Symmetry¡¡and¡¡Elementary¡¡Particles£¬1978£©£¬Â·µÂάϣºÍ¸£¶ûÌغÏÖøµÄ¡¶ÎïÀíѧÉϵĶԳơ·£¨Ludwig£¬Falter£¬Symmetries¡¡in¡¡Physics£¬1988£©£¬ÂÞ˹£¿½ÜÀïÃ׵ġ¶¶Ô¿Æѧ¼Ò¶øÑÔµÄÒ»¸ö¶Ô³ÆÐÔµÄȫʢʱÆÚ¡·£¨Rosen¡¡J£¬A¡¡Symmetry¡¡Prime¡¡for¡¡Scientists£¬1983£©£¬Î¤¶û£¿ºÕ¶ûÂüµÄ¡¶¶Ô³ÆÐÔ¡·£¨Weyl¡¡Herman£¬Symmetry£¬1952£©£¬Ò®Â³£¿±£ÂÞ£¿BµÄ¡¶¼¸ºÎѧºÍ¶Ô³ÆÐÔ¡·£¨Yale¡¡Paul¡£B£¬Geometry¡¡and¡¡Symmetry£¬1968£©¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÔÚÐýתµÄÓîÖæÖб»½Ð×ö¹â׶£¨ÄǽðÖ®ºó£¬1993Ä꣩
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Î´À´µÄ¹â׶µã¼¸ºõ¶¼ÔÚ£«t·½Î»£¬Ô¶ÀëÐýתµÄÎïÖÊ£»µ±ÎïÖÊ¿¿½üʱ£¬ËüÃÇ¿ªÊ¼Çãб¡£×¢Ò⣺ÓÐÒ»ÌõÂÝÐýÐ͵ÄÀàʱÏßÔÚ¾Ö²¿Òƶ¯£¬¿¿½üδÀ´¡tµÄ·½Î»¡£»»¾ä»°Ëµ£¬ËüÓÉÔ¶ÀëÎïÖʵĹ۲ìÕß½øÈëµ½¹ýÈ¥¡££¨Õû¸öÊÀ½çÐýתµÄÎïÖʶ¼ÔÚ£«t·½ÏòÉÏÂÝÐý£¬ÄǽðÖ®ºó£¬1993Ä꣩¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ê±¹âËíµÀºÍ³æ¶´¡£ÕâЩ²»¿É±ÜÃâµØÎóµ¼Á˶Դ©Í¸Èýά¿Õ¼äµÄʱ¼ä³æ¶´µÄ½âÊÍ¡£ÔÚaͼÖУ¬³æ¶´Á¬½ÓÁËÁ½¸ö²»Ïà½ÓµÄÓîÖ棬Ȼ¶øÔÚbºÍcͼÖУ¬ËüÃÇÔÚͬһ¸öÓîÖæÖÐÏàÁ¬½ÓÁË¡£³æ¶´µÄ¡°ÊÖ±ú¡±ºÍÁ½¸ö¶´¿ÚµÄÍⲿ¾àÀëÏà±È¼È²»Ì«³¤Ò²²»Ì«¶Ì¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Í¼Æ¬ÎÄ×Ö4£º¡¶Ò×¾¡·£¨I¡¡Ching£©µÄÁùÊ®ËĸöÁù½ÇÏßչʾÁËÒ»¸öÔ²ºÍÒ»¸ö·½ÐεĴ«Í³ÅÅÁС£¹Å´úµÄÏÈÖªÈÏΪ¾ßÓÐÕâÖÖÐÎʽµÄʱ¹â´©Ô½£¬Ëüͨ¹ý¶ÔƽÐÐÊÀ½çµÄÒ»¸ö¶þά½âÊÍÄÜÔ¤²â¼´½«µ½À´µÄʼþ»òÕßÔÊÐíʹÓÃÕ߸ıäδÀ´¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Í¼Æ¬ÎÄ×Ö5£º1969Ä꣬ÔÚ·ðÂÞÀï´ïÖÝ£¨Florida£©µÄ»ùΤ˹ÌØ£¨Key¡¡West£©¸½½ü£¬Ò»¸ö¾Þ´óµÄÆøÐýÁú¾í·ç±»ÃÀ¹ú¹ú¼Òº£ÑóºÍ´óÆø¹ÜÀí¾Ö£¨NOAA£©µÄº½¿ÕÆ÷²¶×½µ½¡£äöÎеijöÏֺܺõؽâÊÍÁËÈýάµÄýÖÊÊÇÈçºÎͻȻ±ä³ÉÁ˺á¿çÁ½¸ö²»Í¬µÄʱ¼äºÍ¿Õ¼äά¶ÈµÄһάäöÎÐË¿¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÒÔÉϳö×ÔÂíÀB¡£½ðµÄ¡¶Á¿×ÓÕæ¿ÕÁãµãÄÜ¡·
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡µÚ¶þÕÂ
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ïà¶ÔÂÛÓëʱ¿ÕÇúÂÊ£º´Óìص½Ê±¼äµÄ·´Ñݲ»±äÐÔÒÔ¼°¸ü¶àÔÚ¿ÆѧÁìÓòÀÈËÃÇÍùÍù»áÒÑÿ¸öÈ˶¼ÄÜÀí½âµÄ·½Ê½±»¸æ֪һЩÊÂÇ顪¡ªÕâЩÊÂÇéÒÔǰûÓÐÒ»¸öÈËÖªµÀ¡£¶øÔÚÊ«¸èÖÐÇ¡Ç¡Ïà·´¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ª¡ª±£ÂÞ£¿µÒÀ¿Ë£¨Paul¡¡Dirac£©
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Êýѧ¼Ò¾ÍÏñ·¨¹úÈË£º²»¹ÜÄã˵ʲô£¬ËûÃÇ×Ü»á·Òë³É×Ô¼ºµÄÓïÑÔ£¬¶øÇÒÕâЩÓïÑÔÓÐÌØÊâµÄÒâÒå¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ª¡ª¸èµÂ£¨Goethe£©
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¶ÔÓÚ»úеµÄʱ¼äÂÃÐÐÉ豸µÄ¿ÊÍû£¬´øÁìÎÒÃǽøÈëÁËÏà¶ÔÂÛºÍʱ¿ÕÇúÂʵÄÁìÓò¡£ÔÚ¡¶ÐǼÊÃÔº½¡·ÖУ¬ÃÀ¹úº£¾üÏëÒª´ïµ½Ò»ÖÖ¡°¾±à¡±Ëٶȣ¬