¡¶×îÓÅÃÀµÄÉ¢ÎÄ¡·

ÏÂÔر¾Êé

Ìí¼ÓÊéÇ©

×îÓÅÃÀµÄÉ¢ÎÄ- µÚ10²¿·Ö


°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡¡gods¡¡might¡¡build¡¡for¡¡themselves£¡¡¡This¡¡animated¡¡picture¡¡is¡¡a¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡lives¡¡of¡¡millions¡¡of¡¡people¡¡every¡¡ª°I¡¡wonderª°give¡¡it¡¡so¡¡much¡¡as¡¡a¡¡seconds¡¡glance£¿¡¡Very¡¡fewª°I¡¡
¡¡¡¡I¡¡hurry¡¡to¡¡the¡¡top¡¡of¡¡one¡¡of¡¡those¡¡gigantic¡¡structuresª°the¡¡Empire¡¡State¡¡Buildingª°for¡¡thereª°a¡¡short¡¡time¡¡agoª°I¡¡¡°saw¡±¡¡the¡¡city¡¡below¡¡through¡¡the¡¡eyes¡¡of¡¡my¡¡ª°for¡¡to¡¡me¡¡it¡¡would¡¡be¡¡a¡¡vision¡¡of¡¡another¡¡world¡£
¡¡¡¡Now¡¡I¡¡begin¡¡my¡¡rounds¡¡of¡¡the¡¡ª°I¡¡stand¡¡at¡¡a¡¡busy¡¡cornerª°merely¡¡looking¡¡at¡¡peopleª°trying¡¡by¡¡sight¡¡of¡¡them¡¡to¡¡understand¡¡something¡¡of¡¡their¡¡ª°and¡¡I¡¡am¡¡ª°and¡¡I¡¡am¡¡proudª°I¡¡see¡¡sufferingª°and¡¡I¡¡am¡¡passionate¡£
¡¡¡¡I¡¡stroll¡¡down¡¡Fifth¡¡ª°so¡¡that¡¡I¡¡see¡¡no¡¡particular¡¡object¡¡but¡¡only¡¡a¡¡seething¡¡kaleidoscope¡¡of¡¡'s¡¡dresses¡¡moving¡¡in¡¡a¡¡throng¡¡must¡¡be¡¡a¡¡gorgeous¡¡spectacle¡¡of¡¡which¡¡I¡¡should¡¡never¡¡¡ªtoo¡¡interested¡¡in¡¡styles¡¡and¡¡the¡¡cut¡¡of¡¡individual¡¡dresses¡¡to¡¡¡¡give¡¡much¡¡attention¡¡to¡¡the¡¡splendor¡¡of¡¡color¡¡in¡¡the¡¡ª°tooª°that¡¡I¡¡should¡¡bee¡¡an¡¡inveterate¡¡window¡¡shopperª°for¡¡it¡¡must¡¡be¡¡a¡¡delight¡¡to¡¡the¡¡eye¡¡to¡¡view¡¡the¡¡myriad¡¡articles¡¡of¡¡beauty¡¡on¡¡display¡£
¡¡¡¡From¡¡Fifth¡¡Avenue¡¡I¡¡make¡¡a¡¡tour¡¡of¡¡the¡¡city¡ªto¡¡Park¡¡Avenueª°to¡¡the¡¡slums£»to¡¡factoriesª°to¡¡parks¡¡where¡¡children¡¡ª²atª²home¡¡trip¡¡abroad¡¡by¡¡visiting¡¡the¡¡foreign¡¡£»it¡¡strives¡¡to¡¡touch¡¡and¡¡hold¡¡closely¡¡each¡¡thing¡¡its¡¡gaze¡¡rests¡¡ª°filling¡¡the¡¡heart¡¡with¡¡happiness£»but¡¡some¡¡are¡¡miserably¡¡ª°for¡¡theyª°tooª°are¡¡part¡¡of¡¡
¡¡¡¡My¡¡third¡¡day¡¡of¡¡sight¡¡is¡¡drawing¡¡to¡¡an¡¡ª°but¡¡I¡¡am¡¡afraid¡¡that¡¡on¡¡the¡¡evening¡¡of¡¡that¡¡last¡¡day¡¡I¡¡should¡¡again¡¡run¡¡away¡¡to¡¡the¡¡theaterª°to¡¡a¡¡hilariously¡¡funny¡¡playª°so¡¡that¡¡I¡¡might¡¡appreciate¡¡the¡¡overtones¡¡of¡¡edy¡¡in¡¡the¡¡human¡¡spirit¡£

¼ÙÈç¸øÎÒÈýÌì¹âÃ÷£¨14£©
At¡¡midnight¡¡my¡¡temporary¡¡respite¡¡from¡¡blindness¡¡would¡¡ceaseª°and¡¡permanent¡¡night¡¡would¡¡close¡¡in¡¡on¡¡me¡¡
¡¡¡¡Perhaps¡¡this¡¡short¡¡outline¡¡of¡¡how¡¡I¡¡should¡¡spend¡¡three¡¡days¡¡of¡¡sight¡¡does¡¡not¡¡agree¡¡with¡¡the¡¡program¡¡you¡¡would¡¡set¡¡for¡¡yourself¡¡if¡¡you¡¡knew¡¡that¡¡you¡¡were¡¡about¡¡to¡¡be¡¡stricken¡¡ª°howeverª°sure¡¡that¡¡if¡¡you¡¡actually¡¡faced¡¡that¡¡fate¡¡your¡¡eyes¡¡would¡¡open¡¡to¡¡things¡¡you¡¡had¡¡never¡¡seen¡¡beforeª°storing¡¡up¡¡memories¡¡for¡¡the¡¡long¡¡night¡¡ª°at¡¡lastª°you¡¡would¡¡really¡¡seeª°and¡¡a¡¡new¡¡world¡¡of¡¡beauty¡¡would¡¡open¡¡itself¡¡before¡¡you¡£
¡¡¡¡I¡¡who¡¡am¡¡blind¡¡can¡¡give¡¡one¡¡hint¡¡to¡¡those¡¡who¡¡see¡ªone¡¡admonition¡¡to¡¡those¡¡who¡¡would¡¡make¡¡full¡¡use¡¡of¡¡the¡¡gift¡¡of¡¡sight£ºUse¡¡your¡¡eyes¡¡as¡¡if¡¡tomorrow¡¡you¡¡would¡¡be¡¡stricken¡¡ª°the¡¡song¡¡of¡¡a¡¡birdª°the¡¡mighty¡¡strains¡¡of¡¡an¡¡orchestraª°as¡¡if¡¡you¡¡would¡¡be¡¡stricken¡¡deaf¡¡ª°taste¡¡with¡¡relish¡¡each¡¡morselª°as¡¡if¡¡tomorrow¡¡you¡¡could¡¡never¡¡smell¡¡and¡¡taste¡¡£ºglory¡¡in¡¡all¡¡the¡¡facets¡¡of¡¡pleasure¡¡and¡¡beauty¡¡which¡¡the¡¡world¡¡reveals¡¡to¡¡you¡¡through¡¡the¡¡several¡¡means¡¡of¡¡contact¡¡which¡¡Nature¡¡ª°I¡¡am¡¡sure¡¡that¡¡sight¡¡must¡¡be¡¡the¡¡most¡¡delightful¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡

Éú¡¡¡¡Ãü
£§ÃÀ¹ú£§À­¶û·ò¡¤ÎÖ¶û¶à¡¤°®Ä¬Éú
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡À­¶û·ò¡¤ÎÖ¶û¶à¡¤°®Ä¬Éú£¨1803¡ª1882£©£¬ÃÀ¹ú˼Ïë¼Ò¡¢Ê«ÈË¡¢É¢Îļҡ¢ÑÝ˵¼Ò£¬19ÊÀ¼Í³¬ÑéÖ÷ÒåµÄ´ú±íÈËÎï¡£ÉúÓÚ²¨Ê¿¶ÙÄÁʦ¼ÒÍ¥£¬¹ÃĸÊÇһλò¯³ÏµÄ½Ìͽ£¬ÉÆÓÚÐ۱磬°®Ä¬ÉúµÄ˼ÏëÊܵ½ËýºÜ´óµÄÓ°Ïì¡£°®Ä¬Éú±ÏÒµÓÚ²¨Ê¿¶ÙÀ­¶¡Ñ§Ð£ºÍ¹þ·ð´óѧ¡£21Ëêʱ³ÉΪÉñÖ°ÈËÔ±£¬²»¾Ã±ã¶Ô»ù¶½½Ì²úÉú»³ÒÉ£¬1832Äê´ÇÖ°Ô¶ÓΣ¬±é·ÃÅ·ÖÞÎÄ»¯ÃûÈË¡£Ôø¾­ÉîÈëÑо¿¹ýºÉÂí¡¢°ØÀ­Í¼¡¢µ«¶¡¡¢ÃÉÌïºÍɯʿ±ÈÑÇ¡£°®Ä¬ÉúµÄ´ó²¿·ÖÎÄÕÂÊÇÓÉÑݽ²ÕûÀí¶ø³É£¬Æä˼ÏëÖ÷Òª°üº¬³çÉо«Éñ¡¢Ç¿µ÷¸öÈ˼ÛÖµ¡¢Ö÷ÕÅÊÀ½çÒÔ¼°¸öÈ˵ÄÏóÕ÷ÒâÒå¡£´ú±í×÷ÓС¶ÂÛ×ÔÈ»¡·¡¢¡¶ÃÀ¹úѧÕß¡·¡¢¡¶ÉñѧԺÖ´ǡ·¡¢¡¶É¢ÎÄÑ¡¡·¡¢¡¶Ê«¼¯¡·µÈ¡£
¡¡¡¡ÉúÃü¿ÉÒÔ±»ÏëÏ󣬵«ÊDz»Äܱ»¸îÁÑ£¬Ò²²»Äܱ»¸´ÖÆ¡£ÉúÃüµÄÕûÌåÒ»µ©±»ÆÆ»µ¾Í»áÒýÆð»ìÂÒ¡£Áé»ê²»ÊÇÂÏÉú¶ù£¬¶øÊǶÀÉúÃç¡£ËäÈ»ÔçÍí¶¼ÒªÏñÓ¤¶ùÄÇÑù±»ÔÐÓý³ÉÊ죬³¤µÃÒ²ÏñÓ¤¶ù£¬È´ÓÐ×ÅÒ»ÖÖÎ޵еÄÁ¦Á¿Äܾö¶¨ÃüÔË£¬²»»á½ÓÊÜͬһ¸öÉúÃü¡£ÉúÃüÓÐ×ÅÒ»ÖÖΩÎÒ¶À×ðµÄÉñÊ¥£¬ÕâÖÖÉñÊ¥ÎÞÐëÑڸǣ¬Ã¿Ò»Ì춼ÏÔ¶ÔÚÈËÃǵľÙÊÖͶ×ãÖ®ÖС£ÎÒÃǶÔ×Ô¼ºÉîÐŲ»ÒÉ£¬Í¬Ê±È¥»³ÒÉËûÈË¡£ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÈÃ×Ô¼ºÎªËùÓûΪ£¬Í¬ÑùµÄÊ£¬±ðÈË×ö£¬ÎÒÃdzÆ֮Ϊ×ïÄõ£»ÎÒÃÇÖ»Òª×Ô¼ºÀ´ÊµÑé¡£ÎÒÃdzäÂú×ÔÐŵÄÒ»¸öÀý×Ó¾ÍÊÇ£ºÈËÃÇ´ÓÀ´²»ÏñËûÃÇÏëÏóµÄÄÇÑùÃïÊÓ×ï¶ñ¡£»»¾ä»°Ëµ£¬ÈËÈ˶¼Îª×Ô¼ºÏëºÃÒ»¸ö²»ÊÜÔ¼ÊøµÄ×ÔÓÉ£¬¶øÕâ¸ö×ÔÓÉÊDz»ÄÜÈñðÈËÀ´ÏíÓõġ£
¡¡¡¡ÐÐΪ´ÓÄÚÔÚºÍÍâ±í£¬´ÓÐÔÖʺͺó¹ûÈ¥¿´£¬¸÷Ϊ²»Í¬¡£Ð×ÊÖÐÐÐ×ʱËù±§µÄÒâͼ¾ö²»ÏñÊ«ÈËÒÔ¼°´«Ææ×÷¼ÒËùÃèÊöµÄÄÇÑùÉËÌ캦Àí£¬ÈÕ³£ÀïÈËÃÇÒ²¾õ²ì²»³öËûÐÄÉñ²»Äþ»ò³Ï»Ì³Ï¿ÖµÄÖëË¿Âí¼£¡£ÐÐÐ×һʲ¢²»ÄÑı»®£¬µ«È¥¿¼ÂǺó¹ûµÄ»°£¬ËüÈ´ÄÜÓúÑÝÓúÁÒ£¬·¢³öһϵÁж£µ±×÷ÏìµÄ¿Ö²ÀÉù£¬°ÑÒ»ÇеĹØÁª¶¼ÆÆ»µ¡£ÓÈÆäÊÇ°®ÇéËù¼¤·¢µÄ×ïÐУ¬´ÓÊ©×ïÕߵĽǶȿ´£¬ËƺõÒ»Çж¼ÀíËùµ±È»£¬µ«Õâ×ï±Ï¾¹êݺ¦Éç»á¡£È»¶ø£¬»¹ÊÇûÓÐÈË»á×îÖÕÏàÐÅ·¸×ïµÄÈËÊÇÃÔʧÁË×ÔÎÒ£¬»¹ÊÇûÓÐÈË»áÈÏΪÄÇ×ïÐÐÈçͬÖØ×ï·¸µÄËùΪÄÇô¶ñ²»¿ÉÉâ¡£ÕâÊÇÒòΪ£¬¾ÍÎÒÃÇ×ÔÉíµÄÇéÐζøÑÔ£¬ÖÇÁ¦ÐÞÕý×ŵÀÒåÅжϣ¬ÔÚÖÇÁ¦µÄÑÛÖУ¬ÊÀÉÏÍòʲ¢ÎÞ×ï¹ý¡£ÖÇÁ¦ÊÇ·´ÂÉ·¨Ö÷Òå»ò³¬ÂÉ·¨Ö÷ÒåµÄ£¬ËüÅжÏ×Å·¨ÂɾÍÏñÅжÏ×ÅÊÂʵһÑù¡£
¡¡¡¡

ÎÒµÄÈËÉúÒÑÊÅ

¡¡¡¡£§Ó¢¹ú£§ÇÇÖΡ¤¼ªÐÁ
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡ÇÇÖΡ¤¼ªÐÁ£¨1857¡ª1903£©£¬Ó¢¹úС˵¼ÒÓëÉ¢ÎÄ×÷¼Ò¡£³öÉíƶº®£¬ÔøÔÚÂü³¹Ë¹ÌضÁÊ飬±ÏÒµºóÈ¥Â׶ØıÉú¡£1880ÄêºóÒÔ½ÌÊéΪÉú£¬Í¬Ê±±à¼­×«Ð´Ð¡Ëµ£¬ÄÚÈݶàÊÇÃèдϲãƶ¿àȺÖÚ£¬ÊÇ×îÉÆÓÚдÒõ°µÃæµÄÒ»¸ö×÷¼Ò¡£ÉúÇ°ÉÍʶËûµÄÈ˲»¶à£¬Ö±µ½20ÊÀ¼ÍÆä×÷Æ·µÄ¼ÛÖµ²Å½¥½¥ÎªÈËËù·¢¾ò¡£
¡¡¡¡È»¶ø£¬ÎÒµÄÈËÉúÒѾ­ÊÅÈ¥¡£
¡¡¡¡ÉúÃüÊǶàôÃìС£¡ÎÒÖªµÀÕÜѧ¼ÒÃÇÔø˵¹ýµÄ»°¡£ÎÒÔø·´¸´Ò÷ËÐËûÃǹØÓÚÈËÉú¿à¶ÌµÄÈç¸èÓï¾ä¡ª¡ªµ«£¬Ê±ÖÁ½ñÈÕÎÒ²ÅÏàÐÅËûÃǵĻ°¡£Õâ¾ÍÊÇÒ»ÇÐÂð£¿Ò»¸öÈ˵ÄÉúÃüÔõ¿ÉÈç´Ë¼ò¶Ì£¬Èç´Ë¿ÕÐ飿ÎÒͽȻ˵·þ×Ô¼º£ºÕæÕýÒâÒåÉϵÄÉú»î²Å¸Õ¸ÕÆ𲽡£º¹Ë®ºÍ¿Ö¾åÏàËæµÄÈÕ×Ó¸ù±¾²»ÊÇÉú»î£¬ÊÇ·ñÈÃÉú»î±äµÃºÜÓмÛÖµÏÖÔÚÈÔȻȡ¾öÓÚÎÒ¡£Ò²ÐíÕâÊÇ×ÔÎÒ°²Î¿£¬µ«Ëü²»ÄÜ°ÑÕâÑùÒ»¸öÊÂʵ±äµÃº¬ºý²»Ç壬ÄǾÍÊÇ£º»ú»áºÍǰ;֮ÃŽ«²»»áÔÙÏòÎÒ³¨¿ª¡£Ê±ÖÁµ±Ç°£¬ÎÒÒÑ¡°Í˾ӶþÏß¡±£¬¾ÍÉúÃüÒѳÉÍùÊÂÀ´Ëµ£¬ÒÑʵʵÔÚÔÚÎÞÒìÓÚÒ»¸öÍËÐÝÉÌÈË¡£ÎÒ¿ÉÒԻعËÒÑ×ßÍêµÄÈËÉúÀú³Ì£¬¸Ð̾ËüµÄÃìС£¡È̲»×¡ÏëÒª´óЦһ·¬£¬¿ÉÎÒ¿ØÖÆס×Ô¼º£¬Ö»ÊÇ΢΢һЦ¡£
¡¡¡¡Î¢Ð¦£¬Ò»·½Ãæ´ø׎ßÁ¦µÄÈÌÄͶø²»ÊÇÇáÊÓ£¬ÁíÒ»·½ÃæÓÖ²»¿É¹ý·ÖµØ×ÔÔ¹×ÔÁ¯£¬ÕâÑù±ãÊÇ×îºÃµÄ¡£±Ï¾¹£¬ÎÒ´ÓδÕæÕýµØ±»À§ÔÚÊÂÇé×îÔãµÄ¾³ÓöÀÎÒÉÐÇÒ¿ÉÒÔÇáËɵØÍÑÉíÔÚÍâ¡£ÉúÃüÍê½áÁË¡ª¡ªÄÇÓÖÔõÑù£¿Ëü¾¿¾¹ÊÇ¿àÊÇÀÖ£¬ÎÒÏÖÔÚ¶¼µÃ²»³ö¸ö×ܽáÂÛ¡£ÊDz»ÊÇÊÂʵ±¾Éí¾Í²»ÐèÒªÎÒÕâ°ã»¼µÃ»¼Ê§ÄØ£¿ÓÐʲô¹ØϵÄØ£¿ÃüÔËÓÀÔ¶²»»áÏÔ¶ÕæÃæÄ¿£¬ËüÕÙÁîÎҵĽµÉú£¬ÒªÎÒ°çÑÝÄÇСС½ÇÉ«£¬È»ºóÒ»ÇÐÖعé³Á¼Å¡£¶Ô´ËÎÒÊÇ˳´Ó£¬»¹ÊÇÅÑÄ棿ÎÒÐÄ´æ¸Ð¼¤£¬¸Ð¼¤×Ô¼ºÃ»ÓÐÏñ±ðÈËÒ»ÑùÔâÓö²»¿ÉÍÌÈ̵ÄÔ©Çü£¬»¹ÓÐÄÇÈâÌå»òÐÄÁéÉϲÒÖصĴ´ÉË¡ª¡ª°¦£¡°¦£¡ÎÒÔÚËûÃÇÉíÉÏËùƳ¼ûµÄÕâÖÖÖÖÔ©ÇüºÍ´´ÉË£¡ÈËÉú´ó²¿·ÖÂó̶¼°²ÄþµØ×ß¹ý£¬ÄѵÀ»¹²»ÄÜÈÃÎÒÖª×ãÂ𣿼ÙʹÎÒ¾ª²ïÓÚÉúÃüµÄ¶Ì´ÙºÍ¿ÕÐ飬Õâ´íÎóÒ²ÊÇÎÒ×Ô¼ºÇ×ÊÖÄð¾ÍµÄ°¡£¡ÏÈÊŵÄÈËÃǶÔÎÒÇÃÏ쾯ÖÓ£º×îºÃÏÖÔھͿ´Çå²¢½ÓÊÜÕæÀí£¬²»È»£¬ÈÕºó±Ø½«ÏÝÈ뾪¿Ö£¬µ«È´ÈíÈõµÃÊøÊÖÎ޲ߣ¬Ö»ÄÜÓÞ´ÀµØºôÌìÇÀµØ£¬°§Ô¹Á¬Á¬¡£ÎÒÄþÔ¸¸ßÐË£¬¶ø²»Ô¸»ÚºÞ£¬ÎÒÒ²½«²»ÔÙºú˼ÂÒÏë¡£
¡¡¡¡

ÂÛÇàÄêÓëÀÏÄê
£§Ó¢¹ú£§¸¥ÀÊÎ÷˹¡¤Åà¸ù
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¸¥ÀÊÎ÷˹¡¤Åà¸ù£¨1561£­1626£©£¬Ó¢¹úÖøÃûµÄΨÎïÖ÷ÒåÕÜѧ¼ÒºÍ¿Æѧ¼Ò¡£ËûÔÚÎÄÒÕ¸´ÐËʱÆڵľÞÈËÖб»×ð³ÆΪÕÜѧʷºÍ¿ÆѧʷÉÏ»®Ê±´úµÄÈËÎï¡£Âí¿Ë˼³ÆËûÊÇ¡°Ó¢¹úΨÎïÖ÷ÒåºÍÕû¸öÏÖ´úʵÑé¿ÆѧµÄÕæÕýʼ×æ¡£¡±ËûÊǵÚÒ»¸öÌá³ö¡°ÖªÊ¶¾ÍÊÇÁ¦Á¿¡±µÄÈË¡£Åà¸ùÉúÓÚÂ׶ØÒ»¸ö¹Ù»ÂÊÀ¼Ò£¬12Ëêʱ£¬±»ËÍÈë½£ÇÅ´óѧÈýһѧԺÉîÔì¡£ÔÚУѧϰÆڼ䣬Ëû¶Ô´«Í³µÄ¹ÛÄîºÍÐÅÑö²úÉúÁË»³ÒÉ£¬¿ªÊ¼¶À×Ô˼¿¼Éç»áºÍÈËÉúµÄÕæÚС£Åà¸ùÊǽü´úÕÜѧʷÉÏÊ×ÏÈÌá³ö¾­ÑéÂÛÔ­ÔòµÄÕÜѧ¼Ò£¬¶Ô½ü´ú¿ÆѧµÄ½¨Á¢ÆðÁË»ý¼«µÄÍƶ¯×÷Ó㬶ÔÈËÀàÕÜѧʷ¡¢¿Æѧʷ¶¼×÷³öÁËÖØ´óµÄÀúÊ·¹±Ïס£Îª´Ë£¬ÂÞËØ×ð³ÆÅà¸ùΪ¡°¸ø¿ÆѧÑо¿³ÌÐò½øÐÐÂß¼­×éÖ¯»¯µÄÏÈÇý¡±¡£
¡¡¡¡1626Ä꣬ÔÚÂ׶ر±½¼£¬ÓÉÓÚÖ§Æø¹ÜÑ׸´·¢£¬²¡Çé¶ñ»¯£¬ÓÚ1626Äê4ÔÂ9ÈÕÇ峿²¡ÊÅ¡£
¡¡¡¡Ò»¸öÈ˼Ùʹ²»ÔøÐé¶ÈÉú»î£¬ÄêËê²»´óÒ²¿ÉÒÔ±íÏֵóÉÊìÀÏÁ·£¬Ö»²»¹ýÕâÖÖÇé¿öÉÙÓз¢Éú°ÕÁË¡£Éî˼δ±Ø³ö×Ô·ç˪£¬ËêÔÂͬÑù¿É¼ûÄêÇᣬ¿ÉÒ»°ãµÄÇàÄê±Ï¾¹Ä±»®²»¹ý³¤±²£¬ÖÇ»ÛÒ²²»¼°ËûÃÇÉÙÄêÀϳɵÄͬÁäÈË¡£
¡¡¡¡µ«ÇàÄêµÄ´´ÔìÐÔÊǸüΪ·á¸»µÄ£¬ÏëÏóÁ¦Ò²ÈçӿȪһÑù±¼·ÅÁé»î£¬ÕâËƺõ¸üµÃÒæÓÚÉñÖú¡£ÌìÐÔ¸ÕÁÒ¡¢ÐÄ»³ÈÈÍû¡¢ÇéÐ÷Ãô¸ÐµÄÈ˲»Àú¾­ÖÐÄ꣬ÐÐÊÂ×ÜÊÇÇàɬ£¬âýÈöºÍÈûάÀ­Ë¹¼´ÎªÀýÖ¤¡­¡­
¡¡¡¡ÇàÄêÉó¤´´Ôìȴȱ·¦Åжϣ¬Éó¤Ðж¯È´È±·¦ÉÌÌÖ£¬Éó¤¸ïÐÂȴȱ·¦¶Ô¾­ÑéµÄ½è¼ø¡£ÈÕ»ýÔÂÀ۵ľ­Ñé¿ÉÒÔÒýµ¼ËûÃÇÕÆÎÕ¾ÉÊÂÎµ«Ò²»áÕÚ¸ÇËûÃÇ¿´¼ûÐÂÊÂÎïµÄÊÓÏß¡£
¡¡¡¡ÇàÄêÈË·¸´íÍùÍù»Ù»µ´ó¾Ö£¬¶øÀÏÄêÈ˵ĴíÔòÊÇÂõ²½Ì«Ð¡»òÐж¯Ì«»º¡£ÎÞÂÛıÊ»¹ÊDzÙÐУ¬ÇàÄ궼æÄԶϲ¹¦£¬»ùµ÷¸ß£¬¶¯·ù´ó£¬ºÃ×ß¼«¶Ë£»ËûÃÇÃêÊÓÇ°Àý£¬Ä¿¿ÕÒ»ÇУ¬¸ïеÄÓÂÆø´Â´ÂÓÐÓ࣬¶øÇ··½Ê½ºÍ·Ö´çÉϵĿ¼ÂÇ£¬½á¹û·´¶øÕÐÖÂÒâÍâµÄÂé·³¡£ËûÃÇÓÐÈ粻ÄÒ°Âí£¬ÐÐʼ«¶Ë¶ø²»×ÔÖª×Ծȣ¬Ò»µ©¿ªÌã·¸´í£¬¾ÍкÖÁǧÀ²»¿É¸´»Ø¡£ÀÏÄêÈËÄØ£¬ËûÃǹ˼ÉÌ«¶à£¬ÒéÂÛ¹ý³¤£¬ÄþÇó°²ÎÈ£¬²»Ô¸Ã°ÏÕ£¬×ÜÊÇÂú×ãÓÚƽƽ³É¼¨¶ø²»ÏòÍù¼«ÖÁµÄ»Ô»Í¡£ºÁÎÞÒÉÎÊ£¬×îºÃÊǽ«Á½ÕßÌصã½áºÏ¡£¾ÍÏÖÔÚÀ´Ëµ£¬ÇàÄêºÍÀÏÄê¿ÉÒÔ»¥ÏàÈ¡³¤²¹¶Ì¡£¾Í·¢Õ¹À´Ëµ£¬ÀÏÄêÈËÊÇÖ÷ÊÂÕߣ¬¶øÇàÄê¿ÉÒÔѧϰȡ¾­¡£×îºó¾ÍÉç»áÀ´Ëµ£¬ÀÏÄêÈËÒÔȨÍþÖ®×ËÖ¸Òý·½Ïò£¬ÇàÄêÈËÔòÄÜÕñ·ÜÃñÐÄ¡¢¹ÄÎèÊ¿Æø¡£µ«Èç¹û´ÓÕþÖÎÉϽ²£¬ÀÏÈ˵ÄÔÄÀúÊÇÕä¹óµÄ£¬ÄÇô£¬ÇàÄêÈ˵Ĵ¿ÕæÔòÔÚÈËÐÔÖÐìÚìÚÉÁ¹â¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¡¡Ïë¿´ÊéÀ´

ÈÈ°®Éú»î
£§ÃÀ¹ú£§ºàÀû¡¤´óÎÀ¡¤ËóÂÞ
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡ËóÂÞÓÚ1845ÄêµÄ´ºÌ죬ÔÚÀϼҿµ¿ÆµÂ³ÇµÄ·²¶ûµÇºþ±ß½¨ÔìÁËÒ»×ùľÎÝ£¬¹ý×Å×Ô¸û×ÔʳµÄÉú»î£¬²¢ÔÚÄÇÀïдÏÂÁËÖøÃûµÄ¡¶Í߶ûµÇºþ¡·Ò»Ê飬¼Ç¼ËûµÄ¹Û²ì¡¢Ë¼Î¬¡¢ÀíÏëºÍÐÅÄî¡£±¾Îļ´Ñ¡×Ô´ËÊé¡£
¡¡¡¡²»¹ÜÄãµÄÉú»îÓж౰΢£¬Ãæ¶ÔËü°É£¬°ÑÉú»î½øÐÐÏÂÈ¥£»²»¿ÉÌÓÍÑ£¬Ò²²»Äܱ§ÒÔ¶ñÑÔ¡£Éú»î»¹²»¼°Ä㻵Á¨¡£Äã×µÄʱºò£¬Ëü·´¶ø×îƶñ¤¡£ÈËÈô°®ÕÒ²ç¶ù£¬ÌìÌÃÒ²Äܱ»ËûÌô³ö벡¡£ÄÄÅÂƶÇÄãÒ²ÒªÈÈ°®Éú»î¡£¿ì»î¡¢¼¤¶¯ºÍ¹âÈÙµÄʱ¹âÉõÖÁÔÚ¼ÃƶԺÀïÒ²ÏíÊܵõ½¡£·´ÉäÔÚÄÇÀï´°ÉϵÄÂäÈÕ¹â⣬ºÍÕÕÔÚÓÐÇ®È˼Ҵ°ÉϵÄÑô¹âÊÇÒ»ÑùµÄÁÁÌã¬ÃÅÇ°µÄ»ýѩҲͬÑù¶¼ÊÇÔÚÔç´ºÈÜ»¯¡£ÔÚÎÒµÄÑÛÀһ¸öÐÄ̬ƽºÍµÄÈË£¬Ëû˼ÏëÀÖ¹Û£¬´¦ÊÀÌ©È»£¬¾ÓסÔÚ¼ÃƶԺÀï¾ÍÏñ¾ÓסÔڻʹ¬ÀïÒ»Ñù¡£ÔÚÎÒ¿´À´£¬ÕòÉϵÄÇîÈËÃÇÍùÍù¹ý×Å×î¶ÀÁ¢×ÔÔÚµÄÉú»î¡£ËûÃÇÒ»¶¨×㹻ΰ´ó£¬²»È»ÆñÄÜÐÀÈ»½ÓÊÜ¡£´ó¶àÊýÈËÒÔΪ×Ô¼º²»ÒÀ¿¿³ÇÕòÑø»î£¬ÈÏΪ×Ô¼º³¬·²ÍÑË×£¬µ«Çé¿öÍùÍù¸üÊÇ£¬ËûÃÇÀûÓò»Õýµ±µÄÊÖ¶Î×÷ΪıÉúÖ®¼Æ£¬ÕâЩÈÃËûÃǸü¼ÓÃûÉùÀǽ塣ÏñÊ¥ÈËÄÇÑù£¬¶Ô´ýƶÇî¾ÍÏñ¶Ô´ýÔ°×ÓÀïµÄ²Ýľ£¬¸ûÔÅËü°É£¡²»Òª×ÔÕÒÂé·³µØȥѰÇóÐÂÊÂÎÐÂÅóÓÑ»òÕßÊÇÐÂÒ·þ¡£È¥ÕҾɵģ¬»Ø¹é¾ÉÓÐÖ®Îï¡£ÍòÎﲢûÓиı䣬±äµÄÊÇÎÒÃÇ¡£ÒÂñ¿ÉÒÔÂôµô£¬µ«Ë¼ÏëÓ¦¸Ã±£Áô¡£
¡¡¡¡

ÎÒ°®ÈËÈË£¬ÈËÈË°®ÎÒ
£§ÂíÆä¶Ù£§ÌØÀïɯÐÞÅ®
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡ÌØÀïɯÐÞÅ®£¨1910¡ª1997£©£¬ÉúÓÚÅ·ÖÞµÄÂíÆä¶Ù£¬18Ëê½ø¼Ó¶û¸÷´ðÐÞµÀÔº¡£1948ÄêËý×ß³öÐÞµÀÔº¸ßǽ£¬¿ªÊ¼ÎªÊÀ½çÉÏ×îƶÇîµÄÈË·þÎñ£»1979Äê»ñŵ±´¶ûºÍƽ½±£¬1997Äê9ÔÂ5ÈÕ´ÇÊÀ¡£¡°ÌØÀïɯÂèÂ衱ÊÇÒ»¸öÃÀÀöµÄÃû×Ö£¬±»ÊÀÈËÓò»Í¬µÄÓïÑÔ±í´ïͬһ¸öÒâ˼¼´¡°°®¡±¡£Ëý¿Ì¿àÉÆÁ¼£¬ÒÔÉí×÷Ôò£¬±ÏÉú¼á³Ö²»Ð¸·þÎñÈ«ÈËÀ࣬Æ书¼¨ÁîÊÀÈËÉîÊܸж¯ºÍÆô·¢¡£
¡¡¡¡½ö½ö˵¡°ÎÒ°®Éϵۡ±ÊDz»¹»µÄ£¬ÎÒÃÇ»¹±ØÐë°®ÎÒÃǵÄÁÚÉᡣʥԼº²Ëµ¹ý£¬Èç¹ûÄã²»°®ÁÚÉáÈ´»¹ËµÄã°®Éϵۣ¬ÄÇÄã¾ÍÔÚÈö»Ñ¡£Á¬¶ú´¥Ä¿¼°¡¢ÉìÊÖ¿ÉÃþµÄÁÚ¾Ó¶¼²»°®£¬ÄãÓÖÔõÄÜÈÈ°®¿´²»×Å¡¢Ìý²»¼ûµÄÉϵÛÄØ£¿ËùÒÔ£¬ÈÏʶµ½ÕâµãÊ®·ÖÖØÒª¡ª¡ª¼´£ºËµ¾äʵ»°£¬Óа®¾ÍÓÐÉ˺¦¡£ÎÒÃÇÓ¦¸Ã¸ÊÔ¸ÇãÎÒËùÄÜ£¬ÒÔÇó²»É˺¦ËûÈË£¬ÕâÑùÊÂʵÉϾÍÊÇÔÚ¶ÔËûÈËÐÐÉÆ¡£ÕâÒ²¾ÍÒªÇóÎÒÃÇÐĸÊÇéÔ¸µØ¸¶³ö£¬ÔâÊÜÍ´¿àÒ²ÔÚËù²»Ï§¡£·ñÔò£¬ÎÒÃÇÐÄÖоͲ»»áÓÐÕæ°®£¬ÎÒÃÇËù´ø¸øÖÜΧÈËÃǵľͲ»ÊÇ°²Äþ£¬¶øÊDz»¹«Õý¡£
¡¡¡¡Òò°®×ÅÎÒÃÇ£¬Ò®öÕÒ²ÊÇÍ´¿àµÄ¡£Éϵ۰´ÕÕ×Ô¼ºµÄÐÎÏó´´ÔìÎÒÃÇ£¬ÊÇÈÃÎÒÃÇÈ¥³É¾Í¸üΰ´óµÄÊÂÒµ£¬ÊÇÈÃÎÒÃÇ×öµ½¡°ÎÒ°®ÈËÈË£¬ÈËÈË°®ÎÒ¡±¡£ÕýÈç¾­ÎÄÖÐѵµ¼µÄÄÇÑù£¬ÎÒÃDZØÐë¡°Ëù×÷ËùΪÏò»ù¶½¿´Æ롱¡£ÉϵÛÒò´Ë´´ÔìÎÒÃÇ£¬½ÌÎÒÃÇÏñËû°®ÎÒÃÇÒ»ÑùÈ¥°®±ðÈË¡£Ò®öÕÈÃ×Ô¼ºÈ̼¢°¤¶ö£¬ÈÃ×Ô¼º³àÉíÂãÌ壬ÈÃ×Ô¼ºÎ޼ҿɹ飬ÈÃ×Ô¼ºÔâÈ˶ãÉÁ¡£Ëû˵£º¡°ÄãÊÇÕâÑù¶Ô´ýÎҵġ£¡±µ½ÁË×îºóµÄÉóÅÐÈÕ£¬Ëû½«¶ÔÔÚËûÓұߵÄÈË˵£º¡°Äã¶ÔÕâЩÈËÖÐ×΢µÄÈËËù×öµÄÊÂÇ飬¾ÍÊǶÔÎÒ×öµÄÊÂÇ飬¡±Ëû»¹½«¶ÔÔÚËû×ó±ßµÄÈË˵£º¡°ÄãºöÊÓÁËΪÕâЩÈËÖÐ×΢Õß×öµÄʲô£¬¾ÍµÈÓÚºöÊÓÁËΪÎÒ×öµÄÊ¡£¡±
¡¡¡¡ÔÚÊ®×Ö¼ÜÉÏÉúÃü¼´ÊŵÄʱ¿Ì£¬Ëû»¹Ëµ¹ý£º¡°ÎÒ¿ÊÍû¡£¡±¡ª¡ªÒ®öÕ¿ÊÍûµÄÊÇÎÒÃǵİ®£¬ÊǶÔÈ«Ììϲ»·

СÌáʾ£º°´ »Ø³µ [Enter] ¼ü ·µ»ØÊéÄ¿£¬°´ ¡û ¼ü ·µ»ØÉÏÒ»Ò³£¬ °´ ¡ú ¼ü ½øÈëÏÂÒ»Ò³¡£ ÔÞһϠÌí¼ÓÊéÇ©¼ÓÈëÊé¼Ü