XX
It¡¡is¡¡the¡¡second¡¡Jubilee¡£¡¡Bonfires¡¡blaze¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡hills£»¡¡making¡¡one¡¡think¡¡of¡¡the¡¡watchman¡¡on¡¡Agamemnon's¡¡citadel¡£¡¡£¨It¡¡were¡¡more¡¡germane¡¡to¡¡the¡¡matter¡¡to¡¡think¡¡of¡¡Queen¡¡Elizabeth¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Armada¡££©¡¡Though¡¡wishing¡¡the¡¡uproar¡¡happily¡¡over£»¡¡I¡¡can¡¡see¡¡the¡¡good¡¡in¡¡it¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡another¡¡man¡£¡¡English¡¡monarchy£»¡¡as¡¡we¡¡know¡¡it£»¡¡is¡¡a¡¡triumph¡¡of¡¡English¡¡mon¡¡sense¡£¡¡Grant¡¡that¡¡men¡¡cannot¡¡do¡¡without¡¡an¡¡overlord£»¡¡how¡¡to¡¡make¡¡that¡¡over¡lordship¡¡consist¡¡with¡¡the¡¡largest¡¡practical¡¡measure¡¡of¡¡national¡¡and¡¡individual¡¡liberty£¿¡¡We£»¡¡at¡¡all¡¡events£»¡¡have¡¡for¡¡a¡¡time¡¡solved¡¡the¡¡question¡£¡¡For¡¡a¡¡time¡¡only£»¡¡of¡¡course£»¡¡but¡¡consider¡¡the¡¡history¡¡of¡¡Europe£»¡¡and¡¡our¡¡jubilation¡¡is¡¡perhaps¡¡justified¡£
For¡¡sixty¡¡years¡¡has¡¡the¡¡British¡¡Republic¡¡held¡¡on¡¡its¡¡way¡¡under¡¡one¡¡President¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡wide¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mark¡¡to¡¡object¡¡that¡¡other¡¡Republics£»¡¡which¡¡change¡¡their¡¡President¡¡more¡¡frequently£»¡¡support¡¡the¡¡semblance¡¡of¡¡over¡lordship¡¡at¡¡considerably¡¡less¡¡cost¡¡to¡¡the¡¡people¡£¡¡Britons¡¡are¡¡minded¡¡for¡¡the¡¡present¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Head¡¡of¡¡their¡¡State¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡called¡¡King¡¡or¡¡Queen£»¡¡the¡¡name¡¡is¡¡pleasant¡¡to¡¡them£»¡¡it¡¡corresponds¡¡to¡¡a¡¡popular¡¡sentiment£»¡¡vaguely¡¡understood£»¡¡but¡¡still¡¡operative£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡called¡¡loyalty¡£¡¡The¡¡majority¡¡thinking¡¡thus£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡system¡¡being¡¡found¡¡to¡¡work¡¡more¡¡than¡¡tolerably¡¡well£»¡¡what¡¡purpose¡¡could¡¡be¡¡served¡¡by¡¡an¡¡attempt¡¡at¡¡novas¡¡res£¿¡¡The¡¡nation¡¡is¡¡content¡¡to¡¡pay¡¡the¡¡price£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡the¡¡nation's¡¡affair¡£¡¡Moreover£»¡¡who¡¡can¡¡feel¡¡the¡¡least¡¡assurance¡¡that¡¡a¡¡change¡¡to¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mon¡¡forms¡¡of¡¡Republicanism¡¡would¡¡be¡¡for¡¡the¡¡general¡¡advantage£¿¡¡Do¡¡we¡¡find¡¡that¡¡countries¡¡which¡¡have¡¡made¡¡the¡¡experiment¡¡are¡¡so¡¡very¡¡much¡¡better¡¡off¡¡than¡¡our¡¡own¡¡in¡¡point¡¡of¡¡stable£»¡¡quiet¡¡government¡¡and¡¡of¡¡national¡¡welfare£¿¡¡The¡¡theorist¡¡scoffs¡¡at¡¡forms¡¡which¡¡have¡¡survived¡¡their¡¡meaning£»¡¡at¡¡privilege¡¡which¡¡will¡¡bear¡¡no¡¡examination£»¡¡at¡¡promises¡¡which¡¡sound¡¡ludicrous£»¡¡at¡¡submissions¡¡which¡¡seem¡¡contemptible£»¡¡but¡¡let¡¡him¡¡put¡¡forward¡¡his¡¡practical¡¡scheme¡¡for¡¡making¡¡all¡¡men¡¡rational£»¡¡consistent£»¡¡just¡£¡¡Englishmen£»¡¡I¡¡imagine£»¡¡are¡¡not¡¡endowed¡¡with¡¡these¡¡qualities¡¡in¡¡any¡¡extraordinary¡¡degree¡£¡¡Their¡¡strength£»¡¡politically¡¡speaking£»¡¡lies¡¡in¡¡a¡¡recognition¡¡of¡¡expediency£»¡¡plemented¡¡by¡¡respect¡¡for¡¡the¡¡established¡¡fact¡£¡¡One¡¡of¡¡the¡¡facts¡¡particularly¡¡clear¡¡to¡¡them¡¡is¡¡the¡¡suitability¡¡to¡¡their¡¡minds£»¡¡their¡¡tempers£»¡¡their¡¡habits£»¡¡of¡¡a¡¡system¡¡of¡¡polity¡¡which¡¡has¡¡been¡¡established¡¡by¡¡the¡¡slow¡¡effort¡¡of¡¡generations¡¡within¡¡this¡¡sea¡girt¡¡realm¡£¡¡They¡¡have¡¡nothing¡¡to¡¡do¡¡with¡¡ideals£º¡¡they¡¡never¡¡trouble¡¡themselves¡¡to¡¡think¡¡about¡¡the¡¡Rights¡¡of¡¡Man¡£¡¡If¡¡you¡¡talk¡¡to¡¡them¡¡£¨long¡¡enough£©¡¡about¡¡the¡¡rights¡¡of¡¡the¡¡shopman£»¡¡or¡¡the¡¡ploughman£»¡¡or¡¡the¡¡cat's¡¡¡meat¡man£»¡¡they¡¡will¡¡lend¡¡ear£»¡¡and£»¡¡when¡¡the¡¡facts¡¡of¡¡any¡¡such¡¡case¡¡have¡¡been¡¡examined£»¡¡they¡¡will¡¡find¡¡a¡¡way¡¡of¡¡dealing¡¡with¡¡them¡£¡¡This¡¡characteristic¡¡of¡¡theirs¡¡they¡¡call¡¡mon¡¡Sense¡£¡¡To¡¡them£»¡¡all¡¡things¡¡considered£»¡¡it¡¡has¡¡been¡¡of¡¡vast¡¡service£»¡¡one¡¡may¡¡even¡¡say¡¡that¡¡the¡¡rest¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world¡¡has¡¡profited¡¡by¡¡it¡¡not¡¡a¡¡little¡£¡¡That¡¡Unmon¡¡Sense¡¡might¡¡now¡¡and¡¡then¡¡have¡¡stood¡¡them¡¡even¡¡in¡¡better¡¡stead¡¡is¡¡nothing¡¡to¡¡the¡¡point¡£¡¡The¡¡Englishman¡¡deals¡¡with¡¡things¡¡as¡¡they¡¡are£»¡¡and¡¡first¡¡and¡¡foremost¡¡accepts¡¡his¡¡own¡¡being¡£
This¡¡Jubilee¡¡declares¡¡a¡¡legitimate¡¡triumph¡¡of¡¡the¡¡average¡¡man¡£¡¡Look¡¡back¡¡for¡¡threescore¡¡years£»¡¡and¡¡who¡¡shall¡¡affect¡¡to¡¡doubt¡¡that¡¡the¡¡time¡¡has¡¡been¡¡marked¡¡by¡¡many¡¡improvements¡¡in¡¡the¡¡material¡¡life¡¡of¡¡the¡¡English¡¡people£¿¡¡Often¡¡have¡¡they¡¡been¡¡at¡¡loggerheads¡¡among¡¡themselves£»¡¡but¡¡they¡¡have¡¡never¡¡flown¡¡at¡¡each¡¡other's¡¡throats£»¡¡and¡¡from¡¡every¡¡grave¡¡dispute¡¡has¡¡resulted¡¡some¡¡substantial¡¡gain¡£¡¡They¡¡are¡¡a¡¡cleaner¡¡people¡¡and¡¡a¡¡more¡¡sober£»¡¡in¡¡every¡¡class¡¡there¡¡is¡¡a¡¡diminution¡¡of¡¡brutality£»¡¡education¡¡stand¡¡for¡¡what¡¡it¡¡may¡¡has¡¡notably¡¡extended£»¡¡certain¡¡forms¡¡of¡¡tyranny¡¡have¡¡been¡¡abolished£»¡¡certain¡¡forms¡¡of¡¡suffering£»¡¡due¡¡to¡¡heedlessness¡¡or¡¡ignorance£»¡¡have¡¡been¡¡abated¡£¡¡True£»¡¡these¡¡are¡¡mere¡¡details£»¡¡whether¡¡they¡¡indicate¡¡a¡¡solid¡¡advance¡¡in¡¡civilization¡¡cannot¡¡yet¡¡be¡¡determined¡£¡¡But¡¡assuredly¡¡the¡¡average¡¡Briton¡¡has¡¡cause¡¡to¡¡jubilate£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡progressive¡¡features¡¡of¡¡the¡¡epoch¡¡are¡¡such¡¡as¡¡he¡¡can¡¡understand¡¡and¡¡approve£»¡¡whereas¡¡the¡¡doubt¡¡which¡¡may¡¡be¡¡cast¡¡upon¡¡its¡¡ethical¡¡plexion¡¡is¡¡for¡¡him¡¡either¡¡non¡existent¡¡or¡¡unintelligible¡£¡¡So¡¡let¡¡cressets¡¡flare¡¡into¡¡the¡¡night¡¡from¡¡all¡¡the¡¡hills£¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡no¡¡purchased¡¡exultation£»¡¡no¡¡servile¡¡flattery¡£¡¡The¡¡People¡¡acclaims¡¡itself£»¡¡yet¡¡not¡¡without¡¡genuine¡¡gratitude¡¡and¡¡affection¡¡towards¡¡the¡¡Representative¡¡of¡¡its¡¡glory¡¡and¡¡its¡¡power¡£¡¡The¡¡Constitutional¡¡pact¡¡has¡¡been¡¡well¡¡preserved¡£¡¡Review¡¡the¡¡record¡¡of¡¡kingdoms£»¡¡and¡¡say¡¡how¡¡often¡¡it¡¡has¡¡e¡¡to¡¡pass¡¡that¡¡sovereign¡¡and¡¡people¡¡rejoiced¡¡together¡¡over¡¡bloodless¡¡victories¡£
XXI
At¡¡an¡¡inn¡¡in¡¡the¡¡north¡¡I¡¡once¡¡heard¡¡three¡¡men¡¡talking¡¡at¡¡their¡¡breakfast¡¡on¡¡the¡¡question¡¡of¡¡diet¡£¡¡They¡¡agreed¡¡that¡¡most¡¡people¡¡ate¡¡too¡¡much¡¡meat£»¡¡and¡¡one¡¡of¡¡them¡¡went¡¡so¡¡far¡¡as¡¡to¡¡declare¡¡that£»¡¡for¡¡his¡¡part£»¡¡he¡¡rather¡¡preferred¡¡vegetables¡¡and¡¡fruit¡£¡¡¡¨Why£»¡¨¡¡he¡¡said£»¡¡¡¨will¡¡you¡¡believe¡¡me¡¡that¡¡I¡¡sometimes¡¡make¡¡a¡¡breakfast¡¡of¡¡apples£¿¡¨¡¡This¡¡announcement¡¡was¡¡received¡¡in¡¡silence£»¡¡evidently¡¡the¡¡two¡¡listeners¡¡didn't¡¡quite¡¡know¡¡what¡¡to¡¡think¡¡of¡¡it¡£¡¡Thereupon¡¡the¡¡speaker£»¡¡in¡¡rather¡¡a¡¡blustering¡¡tone£»¡¡cried¡¡out£»¡¡¡¨Yes£»¡¡I¡¡can¡¡make¡¡a¡¡very¡¡good¡¡breakfast¡¡on¡¡TWO¡¡OR¡¡THREE¡¡POUNDS¡¡OF¡¡APPLES¡£¡¨
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XXII
For¡¡a¡¡nation¡¡of¡¡this¡¡temper£»¡¡the¡¡movement¡¡towards¡¡democracy¡¡is¡¡fraught¡¡with¡¡peculiar¡¡dangers¡£¡¡Profoundly¡¡aristocratic¡¡in¡¡his¡¡sympathies£»¡¡the¡¡Englishman¡¡has¡¡always¡¡seen¡¡in¡¡the¡¡patrician¡¡class¡¡not¡¡merely¡¡a¡¡social£»¡¡but¡¡a¡¡moral£»¡¡superiority£»¡¡the¡¡man¡¡of¡¡blue¡¡blood¡¡was¡¡to¡¡him¡¡a¡¡living¡¡representative¡¡of¡¡those¡¡potencies¡¡and¡¡virtues¡¡which¡¡made¡¡his¡¡ideal¡¡of¡¡the¡¡worthy¡¡life¡£¡¡Very¡¡significant¡¡is¡¡the¡¡cordial¡¡alliance¡¡from¡¡old¡¡time¡¡between¡¡nobles¡¡and¡¡people£»¡¡free£»¡¡proud¡¡homage¡¡on¡¡one¡¡side¡¡answering¡¡to¡¡gallant¡¡championship¡¡on¡¡the¡¡other£»¡¡both¡¡classes¡¡working¡¡together¡¡in¡¡the¡¡cause¡¡of¡¡liberty¡£¡¡However¡¡great¡¡the¡¡sacrifices¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mon¡¡folk¡¡for¡¡the¡¡maintenance¡¡of¡¡aristocratic¡¡power¡¡and¡¡splendour£»¡¡they¡¡were¡¡gladly¡¡made£»¡¡this¡¡was¡¡the¡¡Englishman's¡¡religion£»¡¡his¡¡inborn¡¡pietas£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡depths¡¡of¡¡the¡¡dullest¡¡soul¡¡moved¡¡a¡¡perception¡¡of¡¡the¡¡ethic¡¡meaning¡¡attached¡¡to¡¡lordship¡£¡¡Your¡¡Lord¡¡was¡¡the¡¡privileged¡¡being¡¡endowed¡¡by¡¡descent¡¡with¡¡generous¡¡instincts£»¡¡and¡¡possessed¡¡of¡¡means¡¡to¡¡show¡¡them¡¡forth¡¡in¡¡act¡£¡¡A¡¡poor¡¡noble¡¡was¡¡a¡¡contradiction¡¡in¡¡terms£»¡¡if¡¡such¡¡a¡¡person¡¡existed£»¡¡he¡¡could¡¡only¡¡be¡¡spoken¡¡of¡¡with¡¡wondering¡¡sadness£»¡¡as¡¡though¡¡he¡¡were¡¡the¡¡victim¡¡of¡¡some¡¡freak¡¡of¡¡nature¡£¡¡The¡¡Lord¡¡was¡¡Honourable£»¡¡Right¡¡Honourable£»¡¡his¡¡acts£»¡¡his¡¡words¡¡virtually¡¡constituted¡¡the¡¡code¡¡of¡¡honour¡¡whereby¡¡the¡¡nation¡¡lived¡£
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The¡¡task¡¡before¡¡us¡¡is¡¡no¡¡light¡¡one¡£¡¡Can¡¡we£»¡¡whilst¡¡losing¡¡the¡¡class£»¡¡retain¡¡the¡¡idea¡¡it¡¡embodied£¿¡¡Can¡¡we¡¡English£»¡¡ever¡¡so¡¡subject¡¡to¡¡the¡¡material£»¡¡liberate¡¡ourselves¡¡from¡¡that¡¡old¡¡association£»¡¡yet¡¡guard¡¡its¡¡meaning¡¡in¡¡the¡¡sphere¡¡of¡¡spiritual¡¡life£¿¡¡Can¡¡we£»¡¡with¡¡eyes¡¡which¡¡have¡¡ceased¡¡to¡¡look¡¡reverently¡¡on¡¡worn¡out¡¡symbols£»¡¡learn¡¡to¡¡select¡¡from¡¡among¡¡the¡¡grey¡coated¡¡multitude£»¡¡and¡¡place¡¡in¡¡reverence¡¡even¡¡higher¡¡him¡¡who¡¡¡¨holds¡¡his¡¡patent¡¡of¡¡nobility¡¡straight¡¡from¡¡Almighty¡¡God¡¨£¿¡¡Upon¡¡that¡¡depends¡¡the¡¡future¡¡of¡¡England¡£¡¡In¡¡days¡¡gone¡¡by£»¡¡our¡¡very¡¡Snob¡¡bore¡¡testimony¡¡after¡¡his¡¡fashion¡¡to¡¡our¡¡scorn¡¡of¡¡meanness£»¡¡he¡¡at¡¡all¡¡events¡¡imagined¡¡himself¡¡to¡¡be¡¡imitating¡¡those¡¡who¡¡were¡¡incapable¡¡of¡¡a¡¡sordid¡¡transaction£»¡¡of¡¡a¡¡plebeian¡¡pliance¡£¡¡But¡¡the¡¡Snob£»¡¡one¡¡notes£»¡¡is¡¡in¡¡the¡¡way¡¡of¡¡degeneracy£»¡¡he¡¡has¡¡new¡¡exemplars£»¡¡he¡¡speaks¡¡a¡¡ruder¡¡language¡£¡¡Him£»¡¡be¡¡sure£»¡¡in¡¡one¡¡form¡¡or¡¡another£»¡¡we¡¡shall¡¡have¡¡always¡¡with¡¡us£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡observe¡¡his¡¡habits¡¡is¡¡to¡¡note¡¡the¡¡tenor¡¡of¡¡the¡¡time¡£¡¡If¡¡he¡¡have¡¡at¡¡the¡¡back¡¡of¡¡his¡¡dim¡¡mind¡¡no¡¡living¡¡ideal¡¡which¡¡lends¡¡his¡¡foolishness¡¡a¡¡generous¡¡significance£»¡¡then¡¡indeed¡¡videant¡¡consules¡£
XXIII
A¡¡visit¡¡from¡¡N¡¡£¡¡He¡¡stayed¡¡with¡¡me¡¡two¡¡days£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡wish¡¡he¡¡could¡¡have¡¡stayed¡¡a¡¡third¡£¡¡£¨Beyond¡¡the¡¡third¡¡day£»¡¡I¡¡am¡¡not¡¡sure¡¡that¡¡any¡¡man¡¡would¡¡be¡¡wholly¡¡wele¡£¡¡My¡¡strength¡¡will¡¡bear¡¡but¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡amount¡¡of¡¡conversation£»¡¡even¡¡the¡¡pleasantest£»¡¡