界线; 而不只是装饰而已。 车辆会让路给有权先行者 … 尤其是行人。 然而; 事实上; 开车的人并没有遵守所有的交通规则; 举例来说; 很多开车的人根本不理会高速公路上的速限。 但是美国人在开车时通常会小心地留意交通规则。
History gives several clues to explain American attitudes toward the law。 The U。S。 Constitution; the basis for all laws in America; reflects many historical influences。 The Magna Carta; or 〃Great Charter;〃 was one。 King John of England was forced to sign this document in 1215。 It placed the king under the authority of the law。 No longer was the king law; rather; the law was king。 America's Christian heritage has also shaped how people view the law。 For one thing; the Bible reveals God's unchanging laws which people must obey。 It also teaches people to respect human authority as established by God。
过去的历史可以提供点线索来解释今天美国人对法律的态度。 美国宪法是美国所有法律的基础; 由它反映出很多历史性的影响。 〃Magna Carta〃或称为〃英国大宪章〃就是一例; 英王约翰在一二一五年被迫签署这份文件; 它把国王置于法律的权威之下。 国王的命令不再成为法律; 相反的; 法律才是最高的权威。 美国的基督教传统也影响了美国人对法律的看法。 首先; 圣经显示了上帝不改变的律法; 这是人们必须遵守的; 它也教导人们尊重上帝所设立的执政掌权者。
Of course; not everyone in America abides by the law。 Crime is a growing problem。 For that reason; law enforce…ment officials will never be out of a job。 Police officers have their hands full trying to arrest lawbreakers。 Detective agencies spend countless hours trying to figure out unsolved crimes。 Nevertheless; most Americans still like to believe that the 〃long arm of the law〃 will eventually nab the bad guys。
当然; 并非每个美国人都守法; 犯罪是一个日益严重的问题。 正因这个原因; 执法人员永远都不会失业; 警察手上堆满了逮捕罪犯的工作; 侦探社花上数不清的时间想办法解决尚未侦破的案件。 尽管如此; 大部份美国人仍相信〃法律的长胳臂〃终究会逮到坏人的。
But even bad guys in America have the right to a fair trial。 When a person is brought to an American court; he is presumed innocent until proven guilty。 Many ancient Eastern systems; in contrast; viewed an accused person as guilty until proven innocent。 They used torture and other extreme measures to find out the truth。 The American system tries to protect the rights of the accused。 Still; the system is far from perfect。 Court cases involving celebrities like O。J。 Simpson can bee media circuses。 Skilled lawyers sometimes use minor issues to get their clients set free。 And prison inmates may live even better than many poor citizens。
可是; 即使是坏人; 在美国仍享有接受公平审判的权利。 当一个人被带到美国的法庭时; 在证明有罪之前; 会先假设他是无罪的。 相反的; 在很多古老的东方体系中; 在证明被起诉者为无辜之前;都视他为有罪; 他们用严刑拷打其它严厉的方法来找出事实的真相。美国的司法系统试着要保护被起诉人的权利; 但是这个系统离完美尚有一截。 像辛普森这种知名人物的法庭案例; 反而成了媒体的马戏; 有技巧的律师有时会用不重要的论点帮客户脱罪; 而监狱里囚犯的生活甚至可能比很多穷人还要好。
No one believes a perfect legal system is possible。 Yet every society has laws。 Whether people follow the letter of the law or just the spirit of the law; they recognize the need for laws to keep order in society。 Without them; chaos would result。 If every man were a law unto himself; no man would be free。
大家都认为完美的法律系统是不可能的。 但是; 每个社会都订有法律。 不管人们是完全守法还是只遵守法律的精神; 他们认同以法律来维持社会秩序的需要。 没有法律; 社会就会变得杂乱无章; 如果每个人都有自己的一套法律; 就没有人能享有自由。
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Helping Others 美国方式:帮助他人
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| | 7月13日
Christmas in America means different things to different people。 To some people; Christmas means brightly wrapped packages under a decorated tree。 To others; it means family reunions and a wonderful meal together。 To Christians; it means Jesus' birthday。 Christmas also means lending a helping hand to people in need。 Along with all the hubbub of shopping for presents and sending Christmas cards; many people in America take time to help others。
在美国,圣诞节对不同的人代表了不同的意义。对某些人而言,圣诞节的意义是在布置好的圣诞树底下那些包装得色彩鲜艳的礼物。对另外一些人而言,它的意义则是家人团圆以及共享美好的一餐。对基督徒来说,它代表了耶稣的诞生。圣诞节的意义也是向需要帮助的人伸出援手。在采购礼物及寄送圣诞卡片的一阵忙乱当中,很多美国人仍会拨出时间去帮助别人。
In America and around the world; Christmas offers many opportunities to spread 〃peace on earth; good will toward men。〃 For example; Salvation Army bell ringers are a familiar sight to most Christmas shoppers。 They stand outside malls and stores collecting money for the needy。 Many churches and other organizations collect toys and clothes as Christmas gifts for poor families。 Going caroling is another traditional way to bring cheer to neighbors……especially the elderly and people who can't get out much。 The Christmas spirit encourages people to help each other in many large and small ways。
在美国及全世界各地,圣诞节提供了很多传扬「平安与世,善意与人」的机会。例如,救世军的摇铃者对大多数为圣诞节购物的人们而言,是一个熟悉的景象。他们通常会站在购物中心和商店外面,为有需要的人募钱。很多教会和其它的机构会收集玩具和衣服,作为穷苦家庭的圣诞礼物。报佳音是另外一种能够将欢乐带给邻舍的传统方式,尤其是针对那些老人和无法常出门的人。圣诞节的精神鼓励人们在许多大大小小的事情上互相帮助。
The spirit of helping others isn't limited to Christmas; however。 Americans help others year…round。 Civic clubs such as the Lion's Club; the Elk's Club and the Rotary Club take part in local munity projects。 Many organizations exist just to help others。 The Make a Wish Foundation gives terminally ill children a chance to have their dream e true。 Habitat for Humanity helps poor people build their own houses。 And besides supporting worthy causes with their money; thousands of Americans donate their time by serving as volunteers in hospitals; homeless shelters and schools。
然而,助人的精神并不只有在圣诞节才能发挥。美国人一年到头都在帮助他人。像狮子会(Lion's Club)、角鹿社(Elk's Club)、扶轮社(Rotary Club)这样的市民会社,都参与了地方社区的计划活动。很多机构的设立就是为了要助人。许愿基金会(Make a Wish Foundation)给罹患末期疾病的孩童们一个美梦成真的机会;仁爱之家(Habitat for Humanity)则帮助穷苦的人们建盖属于他们自己的房子。成千上万的美国人除了以金钱支持一些有意义的事情之外,他们也献出自己的时间在医院、流浪者之家和学校作义工服务。
Christmas in America means different things to different people。 To some people; Christmas means brightly wrapped packages under a decorated tree。 To others; it means family reunions and a wonderful meal together。 To Christians; it means Jesus' birthday。 Christmas also means lending a helping hand to people in need。 Along with all the hubbub of shopping for presents and sending Christmas cards; many people in America take time to help others。
在美国,圣诞节对不同的人代表了不同的意义。对某些人而言,圣诞节的意义是在布置好的圣诞树底下那些包装得色彩鲜艳的礼物。对另外一些人而言,它的意义则是家人团圆以及共享美好的一餐。对基督徒来说,它代表了耶稣的诞生。圣诞节的意义也是向需要帮助的人伸出援手。在采购礼物及寄送圣诞卡片的一阵忙乱当中,很多美国人仍会拨出时间去帮助别人。
In America and around the world; Christmas offers many opportunities to spread 〃peace on earth; good will toward men。〃 For example; Salvation Army bell ringers are a familiar sight to most Christmas shoppers。 They stand outside malls and stores collecting money for the needy。 Many churches and other organizations collect toys and clothes as Christmas gifts for poor families。 Going caroling is another traditional way to bring cheer to neighbors……especially the elderly and people who can't get out much。 The Christmas spirit encourages people to help each other in many large and small ways。
在美国及全世界各地,圣诞节提供了很多传扬「平安与世,善意与人」的机会。例如,救世军的摇铃者对大多数为圣诞节购物的人们而言,是一个熟悉的景象。他们通常会站在购物中心和商店外面,为有需要的人募钱。很多教会和其它的机构会收集玩具和衣服,作为穷苦家庭的圣诞礼物。报佳音是另外一种能够将欢乐带给邻舍的传统方式,尤其是针对那些老人和无法常出门的人。圣诞节的精神鼓励人们在许多大大小小的事情上互相帮助。
The spirit of helping others isn't limited to Christmas; however。 Americans help others year…round。 Civic clubs such as the Lion's Club; the Elk's Club and the Rotary Club take part in local munity projects。 Many organizations exist just to help others。 The Make a Wish Foundation gives terminally ill children a chance to have their dream e true。 Habitat for Humanity helps poor people build their own houses。 And besides supporting worthy causes with their money; thousands of Americans donate their time by serving as volunteers in hospitals; homeless shelters and schools。
然而,助人的精神并不只有在圣诞节才能发挥。美国人一年到头都在帮助他人。像狮子会(Lion's Club)、角鹿社(Elk's Club)、扶轮社(Rotary Club)这�