he basis for cleanliness and health…and a good way to keep one's friends。 Grooming practices include all the little things people do to make themselves look their best； such as bing their hair and putting on makeup。 However； while most modern people agree that these things are important； people in different cultures take care of themselves in different ways。
你可能以为所有现代社会中的仪容整洁与卫生习惯都是一样的。毕竟，不是每一个人天天都要洗澡的吗？大部份人的确肯定卫生的必要性，它是清洁与健康的基础，也是维持友谊的好办法。仪容整洁的工作涵盖了所有可以使人看起来体面的琐碎小事，像是梳头和化妆。虽然大多数的现代人都同意这些事很重要，但不同文化背景的人打理自己的方法也不一样。
There used to be an old joke in America that people should take a bath once a week； whether they need one or not。 In fact； though； Americans generally take a bath…or more monly； a shower…every day。 But in contrast to some cultures； most Americans get their shower in the morning； so they can start the day fresh。 And instead of going to a beauty parlor for a shampoo； many Americans prefer to wash and style their own hair。 So if Americans have a 〃bad hair day；〃 they have no one to blame but themselves。 But most people in America do head for the beauty parlor or barber shop occasionally for a haircut； a perm or just some friendly conversation。
以前在美国有一个老笑话，说不管人们需不需要，他们至少每个礼拜该洗一次澡。不过事实上，美国人每天会洗一次澡，或者更普遍的作法是每天淋浴一次。但是不同于某些文化习惯的是，美国人在清晨淋浴，以使他们展开清新的一天。而且美国人不上美容院去洗头，他们宁可自己洗头和整理发型。所以美国人如果有一天头发很丑，除了怪自己之外就没什么好抱怨的了。然而大部份的美国人偶尔会到美容院或理发厅去，剪头发、烫头发，或是去跟人聊聊天。
Americans are known for having very sensitive noses。 In America； 〃B。O。〃 （body odor） is socially unacceptable。 For that reason； Americans consider the use of deodorant or anti…perspirant a must。 Ladies often add a touch of perfume for an extra fresh scent。 Men may splash on after…shave lotion or manly…smelling cologne。 Another cultural no…no in America is bad breath。 Americans don't like to smell what other people ate for lunch…especially onions or garlic。 Their solution？ Mouthwash； breath mints and even brushing their teeth after meals。
美国人的鼻子是出了名的灵。在美国，体臭在社交上是不被接受的。因此，美国人会认为使用除臭剂或止汗剂是必须的。女士们通常会再抹点香水以增加清香；男士则拍一些刮胡水或是男性古龙水在脸上。在美国文化里的另一项禁忌是口臭。美国人不喜欢闻别人午餐后留在口中的味道……尤其是洋葱或大蒜。他们怎么解决这问题呢？漱口、吃薄荷糖、甚至饭后刷牙。
Some of the cultural variations in grooming practices result from physical differences between races。 Whereas many Asian men have little facial hair； Westerners have a lot。 As a result； most American men spend some time each day shaving or grooming their facial hair。 Beards and mustaches are mon sights in America； although their popularity changes from generation to generation。 Most American men who wear facial hair try to keep it nicely trimmed。 American women； on the other hand； generally prefer not to be hairy at all。 Many of them regularly shave their legs and armpits。
有些仪容整洁方面的文化差异是源自于种族间生理条件的不同。亚洲男性面部的胡髭长得并不多，但西方人却长得多，因此美国的男性每天得花些时间去刮除或整理他们的脸毛。在美国，男人在下巴部份或嘴唇上方留胡子是很普通的，不过不同时代胡子受欢迎的样式不相同。在美国大部份留胡子的男性都会试着将胡子修剪整齐，但另一方面，美国女性通常不喜欢毛茸茸的，很多人会定期地刮除腿部和腋下的毛。
Americans put great value on both grooming and personal hygiene。 For some people； taking care of themselves has bee almost a religion。 As the old saying goes； 〃Cleanliness is next to godliness。〃 Whether or not being clean and well…groomed brings one closer to God； it certainly brings one closer to others。 Americans look down on people who don't take care of themselves； or who 〃let themselves go。〃 To Americans； even if we don't have much to work with； we have to make the best of what we've got。
美国人非常看重仪容整洁与个人卫生。对某些人而言，打理自己几乎成了一种信仰，如一句古老的谚语说：清洁是仅次于圣洁第二重要的事。不管整齐清洁是不是能使人更接近上帝，但它的确能拉近与人的距离。美国人轻视那些不在乎打理自己或让自己随随便便就好的人。对美国人而言，就算我们没有非常好的先天条件，但至少该尽力将已有的好好发挥。
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生活在美国（一） 无所不在的快餐点
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｜ ｜ 10月10日
随着美国人生活节奏的加快，快餐食品便应运而生．其快餐连锁店遍及世界各地，其中影响最大的当属麦当劳快餐连锁店．供应的快餐食品有：汉堡包、烤牛肉、牛排、火腿、三明治、肯德鸡、油炸土豆片、烘馅饼、冰淇淋以及各种碳酸饮料等．
Fast Food 快餐食品
Fast…food chains，American…style， are currently on the increase all over the world．Most of these places work on a similar principle． There is a long counter ， above which is displayed a list（often with pictures） of the items available， and behind which several people（often students working for the minimum wage）are serving． Individual queues form in front of each assistant ．You receive what you order more or less immediately and take it on a tray to a table， picking up thing like straws（吸管）， peper， salt， ketchup（蕃茄酱），pickles（泡菜）and napkins（usually paper napkins） on the way．If yo can’t see any knives and forks ， this means you are supposed to eat with your hands．If you can’t see any straws， that’s because they are hiding in the straw dispenser（分配器） that you have to fiddle（拨弄） with the bottom of it to get a straw（one at a time）to emerge．When you’ve finished， you yourself throw away everything except the tray．
Many fast…food places have drive…in facilities．You place your order from your car via（通过） a microphone and then drive round to a special window to pay and pick it up ．You may even encounter places where a waitress bring your meal out， and you sit and eat it in the car from a tray hooked over the door through the open window．
You may be asked if your order is “for here”or “to go ”（i．e．to take away）．In some states there is no sales tax on food consumed．
Types of Fast Food Restaurants 快餐店的种类
The most widespread type of fast…food restaurant is that serving hamburgers， such as the chains of MacDonald．All the different chains have their own specialties ．Arby’s restaurants serve large roast beef， ham and cheese， and turkey（火鸡） “sandwidhes”． Some restaurant chians specialize in serving steaks quickly and cheaply． And then there’s Kntucky Fried Chicken．
Chips 油炸土豆片
Chips in Amercis are called “French fries”or “fries ”for short．（Note that in the USA “chips” mean crisps）．“French fries”are normally thinner than chips．Amercians generally put ketchup on their chips ，and you will not normally find vigegar（醋）．
Pizzas（意大利式）烘焰饼
There are many specialty pizza restaurants in America， and many of them take telephone orders and deliver pizzas to your home， which can often be convenient．They e in different sizes， and a large one can be big enought for a party of four people．If you want ot share a pizza but can’t agree on the ingredients ， it is possible to order two different sets of toppings ，one set on each half．
Ice…Cream 冰淇淋
Shops selling large number of different flavors of ice…cream are very mon in America． If you are not sure what flavor you want ，generaly you can sample a small spoonful of a particular flavor to see if you like it． You can either have your ice…cream in a “plain cone”（普通型锥形物） or in a “sugar cone”（甜脆型锥形物）．
Soft Drinks 软饮料
Fast…food restaurants do not serve alcohol．The soft drinks most often sold are Coca…Cola and Pepsi——Cola， plus fizzy drinks （which are like leminade）and root beer（which is like cough medicine）．Fizzy drinks are known as “carbonated beverages”（碳酸饮料） or ，more colloquially，“soda”，“pop”，“soda pop”，and “soft drinks”．
All these drinks e with lots of ice． In fact， you will probably find as much ice as drink in your drink．If you ask for a soft drink without ice， they will think you are funny but will probably oblige．（They may charge you a bit extra， for ice is cheaper than Coke．）
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相关链接
？ Spotlight on Munich 聚焦慕尼黑（图）
？ 英国人的两种不同的休闲方式（图）
？ British Pub…goer's Manner 英国酒客的举止（图）
？ British Pub Etiquette 英国酒吧的礼仪（图）
？ British Pub Culture 英国的酒吧文化（图）
？ Spotlight on Copenhagen 哥本哈根特写（图）
？ 教堂与广场（图）
？ 剧院与音乐（图）
？ 世界各地婚俗（三）（图）
？ 美味的馅饼和细面条（图）
？ 意大利：美丽神奇之国（图）
？ 神秘的威尼斯（图）
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