假如您以为美式烹饪就是打开一个料理盒而将里头的东西拋进微波炉加热,那你得改变想法了。从某一方面来说,美国人以早餐的冷麦片,午餐的三明治及快餐晚餐而发育健壮,这倒是真的。从忙碌的家庭主妇到上班族,许多美国人喜欢享受事先包装好的便餐所带来的方便,这些速餐在不到10分钟内就可上桌。从另一个角度来看,许多美国人都认同厨艺的价值。父母亲……特别是妈妈看到训练孩子,尤其是女儿,烹饪艺术的重要性。大多数的美国人都承认没有什么比得上一顿自家做的餐点。而谈到烹饪,一如其它的技巧,好的成果并非偶然天成的。
Probably every cook has his or her own cooking style。 But there are some basic techniques and principles that most people follow。 For example; baking is a primary method of preparing food in America。 The dinner menu often has casseroles; roast meats and other baked goods。 For that reason; Americans would find it next to impossible to live without an oven。 American cooks give special attention to the balance of foods; too。 In planning a big meal they try to include a meat; a few vegetables; some bread or pasta and often a dessert。 They also like to make sure the meal is colorful。 Having several different colors of food on the plate usually makes for a healthy meal。
大概每一位厨师都有他自己的烹饪方式。但仍有一些基本方法和原则是大多数的人遵行的。例如,烘培在美国是烹饪的一种主要方法,晚餐菜单上通常有「焗烤菜」,烤肉及其它的烘培食物。因此,美国人会觉得没有烤箱几乎是无法过活。美国厨师们也特别留意食物的均衡。在计划一顿大餐时,他们会试着加入肉,几样蔬菜,一些面包或面食,而且通常有甜点。他们也喜欢使餐点色彩亮丽。若盘中有不同色彩的食物,通常令人觉得是健康的一餐。
For those who need guidance in their cooking; or for those who have just run out of ideas; recipes are lifesavers。 Recipes list all the ingredients for a dish (generally in the order used); the amount of each to use; and a description of how to put them together。 Finding recipes in America is as easy as pie。 Most good cooks have a shelf full of cookbooks ranging from locally published recipe collections to national bestsellers like the Betty Crocker Cookbook。 Magazines devoted to home management; such as Good Housekeeping and Family Circle; are chock…full of scrumptious selections。 Friends often augment their recipe collection by passing around their favorites written on cards。
对于那些在烹饪方面需要指导、或已江郎才尽的人,食谱就是救星。食谱列出做每一道菜所需要的所有材料(通常是依照使用的顺序列出),每一种的用量以及如何将它们搭配的说明。在美国寻找食谱可谓易如反掌。大多数的好厨师们都有一架子的食谱,从本地出版的各式食谱到像「蓓蒂?克劳克」的全国畅销食谱。一般理家杂志,如「好管家」及「家庭圈」都满满地刊载很多美味的精选食谱。朋友们经常把自己最爱的食谱写在卡片上,相互传阅,来增加自己的食谱收藏。
For experienced cooks; true artists that they are; recipes are merely reference points。 They often make adjustments as they go along; depending on the quantity of people they need to serve; the ingredients they have available and their personal taste。 Some cooks use recipes very little; preferring instead to depend on their intuition as they add a pinch of this and a dash of that to create just the right flavors。
对于经验丰富的厨师,他们是真正的艺术家,食谱仅仅是作为参考,他们常常一边做菜,一边依照他们宴请的人数,现有的作料以及个人的口味,来调整食谱。有些厨师们很少参照食谱,反而比较喜欢凭自己的直觉加一点这个,加一点那个,来作出刚好的味道。
Of course; Americans don't have a corner on the market when it es to good cooking。 Wherever you go in the world; people love to eat。 As a result; every culture and nationality has its own share of mouth…watering delicacies。 And America; as a 〃land of immigrants;〃 has imported practically all varieties of cooking。 Most good cooks in America are 〃fluent〃 in several cooking 〃dialects〃: Mexican; Italian; Chinese and good old American style; just to name a few。 But whatever the dialect; cooking is a language everyone understands。
当然,谈到好厨艺,美国人并非独占鳌头,无论您到世界何处,人们总是爱吃。所以,每一个文化及国家都有它特有的、令人垂涎三尺的佳肴。而美国,这个「移民之地」实际上也引进了各式的烹调。在美国大多数的名厨对于几种烹饪「方言」都很「流利」。随便举几个例子:墨西哥、意大利、中国以及传统美国风味。且不论那一种「方言」,烹饪是一种人人皆懂的语言。
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时尚英语 》》 英语点滴 》》 正文
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Home 美国人的家
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| | 6月19日
Home。 Few words in the English language have such a special meaning。 Home is a place where you can relax; kick back and just be yourself。 Just about everyone has a strong opinion of what makes a house a home。 And for most people in America; home should be; above all; fortable。
家,在英文中没有几个字有这样特别的意义。家是一个你可以放松、只要做你自己的地方。大概每个人对于如何把一间屋子变成一个家都非常有主见。对大多数的美国人来说,家最重要的应该是舒适。
Americans like their homes to reflect their personal tastes。 Many do…it…yourselfers enjoy fixing up their house and making it more 〃livable。〃 They often try to create a cozy atmosphere so that when they're at home; they'll really feel 〃at home。〃 Sofas and lounge chairs may be heavily padded and arranged in groupings conducive to relaxed conversation。 The bathroom even receives special attention。 Carpeted floors; scented soaps; colorful wallpaper and decorative curtains adorn the 〃fort room〃 in many homes。 And on average; Americans have more bathrooms than any other people in the world。
美国人喜欢让家反映出他们个人的品味。许多喜欢自己动手做的人沉醉于修补他们的房子并让它更「适于居住」。他们常试着营造一个温暖而舒适的气氛,这样当他们待在家时,会真的感觉到「毫无拘束」。沙发及安乐椅可能会被铺上厚厚的垫子,并运用不同空间组合的摆设,让坐的人可以轻松的谈话。甚至连浴室也颇费心思:铺有地毯的地板、香气四溢的肥皂、彩色的壁纸及装饰窗帘,如此就打扮出了许多家庭的「舒服之地」。平均来说,美国人拥有的浴室比世界上其它的人都多。
Lisa Marie Odegard; an interior designer in Bozeman; Montana; ments that 〃a home is a haven。 People want an open; easy feeling to make their homes fortable。〃 For that reason; many new homes now have big; open kitchens and vaulted ceilings。
蒙大拿州柏斯曼的一位室内设计师丽莎?区迪嘉谈到:「家是一个避难所。人们想要一个开放、轻松的感觉来让他们的家变得很舒适。」因为这个原因,现在许多新房子都有大而开放的厨房以及拱形的屋顶。
Americans try to make the most of their space; too。 The majority of homes have built…in closets and shelves; and people spare no pains to add dressers; filing cabis and closet organizers to maximize their storage space。 Although keeping the house neat is often a constant battle; Americans feel it's a battle worth fighting。
美国人也试着将空间做最佳的利用。大多数的家庭都有壁橱以及架子,人们也不辞辛劳的添加橱柜、文件柜以及壁柜分隔架来加大储藏空间。虽然让房子维持整洁像是一场永无止尽的长期战役,美国人觉得这是一个值得打下去的战役。
People in America keep an eye on the latest trends in interior design。 In the 80s; the 〃country〃 look dominated the home decorating scene。 Rustic furniture and shelves full of old…fashioned knick…knacks created a homey atmosphere reminiscent of rural America several generations back。 The 90s have brought in another longing for the past: the retro 50s and 60s look……plain and simple furniture with square backs and arms and block…style legs。
美国人也会注意室内设计的最新时尚。八○年代,「乡村」风貌主导了家庭装潢;摆满旧式风格的小摆设的质朴家俱及架子,创造出一种会令人想起几世代以前以农业为主的美国之家庭气氛。九○年代又带入另一个怀旧情愫:回溯到五○及六○年代风貌……有四方形靠背、把手以及有方正桌脚的朴素、简单的家俱。
Some parts of the country have their own regional preferences。 In the western United States; homeowners favor the Navajo Indian style of the Southwest or the cowboy look。 In contrast; Easterners prefer French Country or more 〃fussy〃 styles。
国内某些地方的人们有他们自己地区性的偏好。在美国西部,屋主们喜欢西南部印地安拿佛和族或是牛仔式的风格。相对的,东部人喜欢法国乡村或是更漂亮的形式。
With all this attention to their homes; you would think Americans place a high premium on housekeeping。 In fact; however; keeping house doesn't receive as much attention as it used to。 Why? The fast…paced lifestyles of the 90s allow little spare time for dusting; vacuuming and scrubbing the tub。 Ironically; however; even though more and more women work outside the home; women still do twice as much house work as men。 Modern conve…niences like the washing machine; the vacuum cleaner; and the dishwasher have taken some of the drudgery out of household chores。 But in general; Americans these days take their cue from books like How to Avoid Housework。
花了这么多心思在他们的家,你大概会认为美国人非常重视家庭的打理与清洁,但是事实上,整理家务已不像以前一样受重视。为什么?九○年代步调快速的生活方式几乎没有留什么时间撢灰尘、吸尘以及刷洗浴缸。然而,讽刺的是,即使越来越多的妇女在外工作,她们还是比男人多做两倍的家务。虽然像是洗衣机、吸尘器和洗碗机等现代家电已代为处理家事中一些乏味、辛苦的工作
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