《时尚英语-美式生活》

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时尚英语-美式生活- 第6部分


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ation course。 This course gives students hands…on practice with driving。 It also helps to reduce the high cost of insurance。 For teenagers; being able to drive……and in some cases; have their own car……is a big deal。 It gives them a sense of power and freedom。 Many young Americans consider a driver's license a right; not a privilege。 It's rare to find an American teenager without one。 

  当三和木刚抵达美国时,他很惊讶美国许多开车的人年纪实在很轻。美国的年轻人通常在16岁左右就会通过笔试和路考,取得驾照。很多时候在他们取得驾照之前,他们必须上一个驾驶人教育课程,这个课程提供给学生们实际的驾驶练习,它也有助于降低高额的保险费。对青少年来说,能够开车,甚至拥有一辆自己的车是一件了不起的事,因为它带给他们一种权力与自由的感觉。很多美国的年轻人把驾照视为一种权利,而不是一项特权。在美国要找到一个没有驾照的青少年是很不容易的。 


  Mitsuaki finally decides that he needs a car。 His host family helps him find a good used car to buy。 But before he gets his license and starts driving; he has to understand that the American style of driving is defensive; not offensive。 He also needs to learn some of the basic rules of the road that good drivers follow。 

10 mandments of Good Driving in America: 
1。 Yield to vehicles who have the right of way。 
2。 Don't cut in front of other vehicles。 
3。 Drive within the speed limit。 
4。 Obey all road signs and police officers。 
5。 Pull over to the side of the road when you hear a siren。 
6。 Stop pletely at red lights and stop signs。 
7。 Yield to pedestrians in crosswalks。 
8。 Park only in a designated parking space。 
9。 Use your turn signals when turning or changing lanes。 
10。 Don't drink and drive。 

  三和木最后终于决定他需要一辆车,他的寄宿家庭帮助他找到了一辆好的二手车。但是在他拿到驾照并且开始开车之前,他必须先了解,美国人的开车方式是属于防守型,而不是进攻型。他也需要学习一些好的驾驶人应该遵守的基本道路规则。 

在美国优良驾驶的十大诫命: 
1。 礼让有先行权的车子。 
2。 不超车。 
3。 行车不超速。 
4。 遵守所有的路标和交通警察的指挥。 
5。 听到警笛声时,立即靠边停车。 
6。 遇到红灯和停止标志时要完全停下来。 
7。 在行人穿越道上要礼让行人。 
8。 只能在指定的停车地区内停车。 
9。 转弯或换车道时要打方向灯。 
10。 不要酒后驾车。 


  As a car owner; Mitsuaki has the responsibility of maintaining his car。 He knows that regular maintenance checkups can help to prevent many serious problems。 But no matter how careful the maintenance; all vehicles need to be repaired sometimes。 Many Americans take their cars to a garage for maintenance and repairs。 Others like to work on their own vehicles。 Not Mitsuaki。 He decides that being a student is enough work for him。 

  身为一个车主,三和木必须负责维修他的车子,他知道定期作保养检查可以预防许多严重的问题发生。不过,不管多么小心地保养,所有的车子有时候都必须修理。很多美国人把他们的车子送到车厂保养和修理;有些人则喜欢自己动手修车。但三和木可不这么做。他觉得当一个学生已经够他忙的了。 


  Driving is to Americans what flying is to birds。 It's almost part of their nature。 For many Americans; being behind the wheel is like their natural habitat。 But if they don't drive carefully; they can bee an endangered species。 

  开车对美国人的必要性,就像鸟儿需要飞翔一样,几乎就是他们天性的一部份。对许多美国人而言,「坐在方向盘后面」就像是他们自然栖息之处。不过,如果他们不小心开车的话,他们可就会变成濒临危险的动物了。 
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 时尚英语 》》 英语点滴 》》 正文







Language 美国语言
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 |  | 8月8日

  What do you call someone who speaks three languages? Trilingual。 What do you call someone who speaks two languages? Bilingual。 What do you call someone who speaks one language? An American。 

  你如何称呼能说三种语言的人?三声带。能讲两种语言的人又如何称呼?双声带。那么,只会一种语言的人呢?美国人。 


  To people in many countries; being bilingual or even trilingual is a way of life。 But since the mother tongue of most Americans is English…a language widely spoken around the world…they often don't feel the need to learn a foreign language。 Moreover; people who live in the heartland of America have little contact with other linguistic groups; making foreign language skills irrelevant。 

  对许多国家的人而言,说两种或三种语言,是家常便饭。但在美国,由于大多数人的母语为英语……一个世界上广泛通用的语言……因此美国人都不觉得有必要学习外语。此外,居住于美国大陆内地的人,较少与其它语言族群接触,因此外语能力更显得无关紧要。 


  Actually; though; this 〃land of immigrants〃 has always had people of many different nationalities…and languages。 The 1990 census indicates that almost 14% of Americans speak a non…English language at home。 Yet only 3% reported that they spoke English 〃not well〃 or 〃not at all。〃 That means that slightly more than one out of 10 Americans could be considered bilingual。 Besides that; many high school and college students…and even some elementary school students…are required to take a foreign language as a part of their curriculum。 In addition to old standbys like Spanish; German and French; more and more students are opting for Eastern European and Asian languages。 Of course; not all students keep up their foreign language abilities。 As the old saying goes; 〃If you don't use it; you lose it。〃 But still; a growing number of Americans are ing to appreciate the benefits of being multilingual。 

  事实上,在美国这块「移民之地」,一直住着来自不同国籍、说不同语言的人口。一九九○年的人口普查显示,几乎百分之十四的美国人,在家里不讲英语。只有百分之三的人宣称他们英语「说得不好」或「根本不会说」。这表示十分之一强的美国人可视为双声带。此外,许多中学生、大学生,甚至小学生在校的学科都必须加修一门外语。除了西班牙文、德文与法文等常选的第二语言外,愈来愈多的学生选修东欧和亚洲语言。当然,并非所有学生都能够学以致用。套句老话:「不用就会丢掉。」尽管如此,愈来愈多的美国人已经开始意识到会说多种语言的好处。 


  Ethnic enclaves; found particularly in major metropolitan centers; have preserved the language and culture of American immigrants。 Some local residents can function quite well in their native language; without having to bother learning English。 Regions such as southern Florida and the Southwest have numerous Spanish…speaking neighborhoods。 In fact; Spanish speakers…numbering over 17 million…pose the largest non…English linguistic group in America。 But Chinese; Vietnamese; Italian; Polish and many other ethnic groups add to the linguistic flavor of America。 Foreign languages are so monly used in some ethnic neighborhoods that visitors might think they are in another country! 

  在主要大都市里,有许多族群居住的社区,都还保存着移民的文化传统和语言。有些当地人在生活上只讲母语就够了,根本不需要学英语。佛罗里达州南部以及美国西南部等区,有许多说西班牙语的社区。事实上,说西班牙语的人口超过一千七百万,是美国最大的非英语系族群。不过,还有中国、越南、意大利、波兰与其它很多种族的族群,更使美国语言增色不少。在许多外来民族的后裔社区里,由于外语的广泛使用,甚至会使访客有身置异国的感觉。 


  Although some Americans wele this linguistic and cultural diversity; others have begun to fear that the English language is being threatened。 Since the 1980s; the 〃English Only〃 movement has sought to promote legislation which would establish English as the 〃official language〃 and restrict the use of non…English languages。 However; some groups; including TESOL; the organization for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages; object to such 〃language restrictionism。〃 Their view; known as 〃English Plus;〃 suggests that Americans should have respect for people's native language and culture; while promoting the teaching of English to help them fit into the mainstream of society。 But so far; 19 states have passed English Only legislation; and the topic is the focus of an ongoing debate。 

  虽然有些美国人欢迎这种语言与文化多元化,也有些人担心英语已经受到威胁。从一九八○年代以来,「唯用英语」(English Only)运动即试着开始推动立法,将英语订为「官方语言」,并限制其它语言的使用。但有些团体,如「教导母语为其它语言学生的英语教师组织」(简称TESOL),就反对这种「语言限制主义」。他们提倡的「英语与外语」(English Plus),建议美国人应尊重其它族群的母语以及文化,同时也推广英语教学,帮助其它族群融入社会主流。但是到目前为止,已有十九个州通过「唯用英语」一法;该议题也一直是辩论的焦点。 


  Whether or not English is the official language of the United States; it remains the 〃language of wider munication。〃 Nearly everyone recognizes the need to develop proficiency in English in order to do well in America。 To help those who want to brush up on their English skills; English as a Second Language (ESL) classes abound。 Cities with large numbers of recent immigrants often set up bilingual education programs to teach students content subjects in their native language while they improve their English。 Language educators often have strong and divergent views as to which approach helps learners achieve better results: a bilingual approach; an ESL approach…or even a pure immersion (〃sink or swim〃) approach。 However; all these teachers share a mon mitment

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