¡¶ÖлªµÚËĵ۹ú¡·

ÏÂÔر¾Êé

Ìí¼ÓÊéÇ©

ÖлªµÚËĵ۹ú- µÚ94²¿·Ö


°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡

Æð´²Ö®ºó£¬ÍõعÔó´ø×ÅعӨÏÈÈ¥°Ý¼ûÁËÍõäì¡£Íõäì¿´µ½ÍõعÔóÄܹ»ºÍعӨÏྴÈç±ö£¬Ò²±È½ÏÂúÒâ¡£¶ÔÓÚÕâ¸ö¸ñ¸ñ£¬ËûÊÇÎÞËùνµÄ£¬Ö»ÒªÍõعÔó¾õµÃºÃ¾ÍÐÐÁË¡£

´ÓÍõäìÄÇÀï³öÀ´£¬ÍõعÔóÔÙ´ø×ÅعӨȥ¼ûËûµÄÆäËû¼¸Î»ÀÏÆÅ¡£ÒòΪÅÂÕâλÂúÇåµÄ¸ñ¸ñ²»ºÃËźò£¬Òò´ËËý²¢·ÇסÔÚÍõعÔóµÄСԺÀïÃ棬¶øÊÇסÔÚÅԱ߲»Ô¶µÄÒ»¸öÔº×ÓÀï¡£ÕâÑùµÄ»°£¬¼´±ãºÍÍõعÔóµÄÈýλ·òÈËÓÐì¶Ü£¬Ò²²»»áÔì³ÉÌ«´óµÄÓ°Ïì¡£²»¹ý£¬´ÓÏÖÔÚµÄÇé¿öÀ´¿´£¬Ã÷ÏÔÊÇÍõعÔóËûÃǶàÂÇÁË¡£

¡°Ø¹Ó¨¼û¹ý´ó½ã£¬¶þ½ã£¬Èý½ã£¡¡±ÔÚ¼ûµ½ÐÜÃκ­¡¢ÑîÊ«À¼ºÍÖÜÈïÖ®ºó£¬Ø¹Ó¨Ö÷¶¯ÏòËýÃÇÐÐÀñ·î²è£¬×Ë̬·ÅµÄ·Ç³£µÍ¡£

Ô­±¾£¬ÐÜÃκ­µÈÈË»¹´òËãÇôòÒ»ÏÂÕâ¸ö¸Õ¸Õ²Å¼Þ¹ýÀ´µÄ¸ñ¸ñµÄ£¬²»¹ý£¬Ø¹Ó¨Èç´ËµÄʶÏ࣬×ÔÈ»ÊÇÈÃËûÃÇ°ÑËùÓеĻ°¶¼±ïÁË»ØÈ¥¡£È˼Ҷ¼ÒѾ­°Ñ×Ë̬·ÅÕâôµÍÁË£¬Èç¹ûËýÃÇÔÙ²½²½½ô±ÆµÄ»°£¬ÄÇÆñ²»ÊÇ˵ËýÃÇÊǶʸ¾Âð£¿Õâ´«³öÈ¥ÔõôµÃÁË£¿Òò´Ë£¬²»¹ÜÊÇ×ö±íÃ湦·ò£¬»¹ÊÇÕæÐÄʵÒâµÄ£¬´ó¼Ò¶¼Ò»¸±ÆäÀÖÈÚÈÚµÄÑù×Ó¡£ÕâÈÃÍõعÔó·Ç³£µÄÂúÒâ¡£

¡°Ø¹Ôó¸ç£¬ÄãÕâ¸öСԺÀïÃ滹Óз¿¼äÂð£¿Òª²»ÎÒÒ²°á¹ýÀ´°É£¿ÎÒÒ»¸öÈËסÔÚÄDZߣ¬ÏÔµÃÀäÀäÇåÇåµÄ¡£ÔÚÕâÀïÒ²ÓÐÈýλ½ã½ãÔÚ£¬Ò²ÓÐÈË˵»°£¡¡±Ø¹Ó¨¶ÔÍõعÔó˵µÀ¡£

ÍõعÔóûÓлش𣬶øÊÇ¿´ÏòÁËÐÜÃκ­ËýÃÇÈýÈË¡£²»¹ÜÔõôÑù£¬ÍõعÔóµÃÓÅÏÈÕÕ¹ËËûÃǵĸÐÊÜ¡£ÌرðÊÇÐÜÃκ­£¬»¹»³×ÅС±¦±¦ÄØ£¿

ÐÜÃκ­³ÙÒÉÁËһϣ¬È»ºó˵µÀ£º¡°Ø¹Ó¨ÃÃÃÃÄܹ»°á¹ýÀ´ºÍÎÒÃÇÒ»ÆðסÄÇÊÇÔٺò»¹ýµÄÁË¡£ÕâÑùÎÒÃǽãÃÃÔÚÒ»ÆðÒ²ºÃÓÐÒ»¸öÕÕÓ¦£¡¡±

ÐÜÃκ­Í¬ÒâÁË£¬ÑîÊ«À¼ºÍÖÜÈïÁ½ÈË£¬Ò²²»»áÓÐÒâ¼û¡£ÌرðÊÇÖÜÈÒÔÇ°ËýÒ»Ö±ÊÇ×îСµÄ£¬ÏÖÔںò»ÈÝÒ×ÓиöÃÃÃÃÁË£¬Ëý¸ßÐË»¹À´²»¼°ÄØ£¡

¼ÈÈ»ÐÜÃκ­ËûÃǶ¼Ã»ÓÐÒâ¼û£¬ÄÇÕâ¼þÊÂ×ÔÈ»¾ÍÕâô¶¨ÁË¡£µÚ¶þÌ죬عӨҲ¾Í°áµ½ÁËÍõعÔóµÄСԺÄÚ¡£ÕâҲʡµÃÍõعÔó²»ÓÃÁ½±ßÅÜÁË¡£

µÚÈýÌ죬ÍõعÔóÓÖ´ø×ÅعӨȥ°Ý»áÁËÕâÒ»´ÎËÍعӨÀ´´¨Î÷µÄÀñÇ×ÍõÊÀî죬ÒÔ¼°Ø¹Ó¨µÄÁ½Î»¸ç¸ç£¬°®Ð¾õÂÞ¡¤Ø¹³¤ºÍ°®Ð¾õÂÞ¡¤Ø¹ÀÊ¡£²»¹ÜÊÇÀñÇ×ÍõÊÀî컹ÊÇÍõعÔóµÄÁ½Î»´ó¾Ë¸ç£¬¶ÔÓÚÍõعÔó¶¼ÊÇÏ൱µÄ°Í½á¡£»òÐí£¬ËûÃDzÅÊÇÂúÇåÒ»ÖÚÍõ¹«¹ó×åÖ®Öл¹±£³ÖÇåÐѵÄÈË£¬ÖªµÀÏÖÔÚÂúÇåÒѾ­ÊÇÈÕ±¡Î÷ɽ£¬ÈκÎÈ˶¼ÎÞÁ¦»ØÌìÁË¡£ÓëÆäÕâÑù£¬»¹²»ÈçÔçÒ»µãºÍ´¨Î÷´òºÃ¹Øϵ£¬ÕâÑùµÄ»°£¬½«À´¸Ä³¯»»´úµÄʱºò£¬ËûÃDz»ËµÄܹ»µÃµ½¶àÉÙÈÙ»ª¸»¹ó£¬ÖÁÉÙ±£×¡ÐÔÃüºÍ¼Ò²ú»¹ÊÇûÓÐÎÊÌâµÄ¡£Ô¶±ÈÒÔÍù¸Ä³¯»»´úµÄʱºòÄÇЩ»Ê×嶼±»É±¾øµÄºÃ¡£¶øÍõعÔó£¬Ò²ÐèÒªÔÚÂúÇåÖ®ÖÐÓÐ×Ô¼ºµÄ´úÀíÈË£¬¼´±ã´¨Î÷ÍÆ·­ÂúÇåÖ®ºó£¬Äǽü¼¸°ÙÍòµÄÂúÈËÈçºÎ°²Öã¬ÕâÒ²ÊǺÜÉËÄÔ½îµÄ¡£Èç¹ûÓÐÕâЩÂú×åÖе¸ßÍûÖصÄÈË°ï棬ÎÊÌâ¾ÍÈÝÒ׺ܶàÁË¡£

ÊÀîìµÈÈË£¬Ôڳɶ¼µ½Á˼¸ÌìÖ®ºó£¬±ã·µ»Ø¾©Ê¦ÁË¡£Ø¹Ó¨¸ñ¸ñµÄÄÇЩÄÌÄ﹬Ů֮ÀàµÄ£¬Ò²¶¼ËÍÁË»ØÈ¥¡£Ô­±¾£¬¶¨Ç×Íõ¸®Ò²ÊÇÏë¶àÁôÏÂЩÈËÕÕ¹ËعӨµÄ£¬µ«Ø¹Ó¨¼á¾ö²»Ðí£¬×îºóҲûÓа취£¬Ö»µÃ½«ÕâЩÈË´ø×ß¡£

ÍõعÔóµÄлéÉú»îû¹ý¼¸Ì죬¾ÍÓÖͶÈëµ½Á˹¤×÷Ö®ÖС£ºÃÔÚÕþ¸®·½ÃæÄÚ¸óÒѾ­×ßÉÏÕý¹ìÁË£¬ÕæÕýÐèÒªËû²ÙÐĵÄʲ¢²»¶à¡£ËûÏÖÔÚÐèÒª¹ØÐĵģ¬ÎÞ·ÇÊÇÐÂÄÉÈë´¨Î÷µÄ¹ãÎ÷ÒÔ¼°¹ã¶«µÄÁ®ÖݺÍÀ×ÖÝ¡£Á®ÖݺÍÀ×ÖÝ£¬ÏÖÔÚÒѾ­¸ÄÃû±±º£ºÍÕ¿½­£¬Õýʽ»®ÈëÁ˹ãÎ÷Ê¡£¬±ãÓÚ´¨Î÷µÄ¹ÜÀí¡£

ÄÚ¸óÒѾ­ÈÎÃüÁ˹ãÎ÷Ê¡µÄÊ¡³¤ºÍ¸±Ê¡³¤£¬Í¬Ê±£¬´óÁ¿µÄÄêÇá¹ÙÔ±Ò²±»³éµ÷È¥Á˹ãÎ÷£¬ÔÚÕû¸ö¹ãÎ÷¿ªÊ¼´¨Î÷ģʽµÄ¸Ä¸ï¡£ÒԱ㹮¹ÌÔÚ´¨Î÷ÔÚ¹ãÎ÷µÄͳÖΡ£ºÍÆäËûÐÂÄÉÈë´¨Î÷µÄÊ¡·ÝÒ»Ñù£¬´¨Î÷µÄ½øÈ룬ÒÀ¾ÉÔâµ½ÁË´óÁ¿µÄ±£ÊØÊÆÁ¦µÄ×èÀ¹¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬´¨Î÷Ò»·½ÃæÔÚ¹ãÎ÷פ¾ü£¬ÒÔ¾ü¶ÓÇ¿ÊƱ£Ö¤¸Ä¸ïµÄ¿ªÕ¹¡£ÁíÍâÒ»·½Ã棬ͨ¹ýÍÁµØÀ­Â£ÄÇЩÎ޵صÄÅ©Ãñ£¬Ê¹µÃ´¨Î÷ѸËٵĻñµÃÁËͳÖλù´¡¡£ÕâÁ½¸ö°ì·¨£¬ÒѾ­ÊÇ´¨Î÷¶àÄêÀ´×ܽá³öÀ´µÄ»ñµÃÃñÐĵÄÀûÆ÷ÁË¡£ÔÚÖйú£¬Å©Ãñ»¹ÊÇÒªÕ¼¾ø´ó²¿·ÖµÄ£¬ÌرðÊÇÄÇЩÎÞµØÉٵصÄÅ©Ãñ£¬¸üÊDZȱȽÔÊÇ¡£°ÑÕþ¸®µÄÎÞÖ÷ÍÁµØ·ÖÅä¸øËûÃÇ£¬Í¬Ê±´óÁ¿µÄÊêÂòµØÖ÷ÊÖÖеÄÍÁµØ£¬·ÖÅä¸øÅ©Ãñ£¬ÕâÎÞÒÉʹµÃÅ©ÃñÃÇÄܹ»ºÜ¿ìµÄÈÏͬ´¨Î÷¡£

µ±È»£¬¹ãÎ÷ÀúÀ´Ãñ·ç±ëº·£¬ÒòΪ¸Ä¸ïµÄÊ£¬Ò²¼¤·¢Á˲»ÉÙµÄì¶ÜÉõÖÁ±©¶¯¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬¶¼±»¾ü·½ºÁ²»ÁôÇéµÄÕòѹÁË¡£µ±ÔâÊܵ½ÎÞÇéµÄ´ò»÷Ö®ºó£¬ÆäËûÐÄ»³²»¹ìµÄÈËÒ²¾Í×ÔÈ»ÀÏʵÁË¡£

´Ó¹óÑôͬΪçßÄþµÄÌú·ÒѾ­¿ª¹¤½¨ÉèÁË¡£½»Í¨²¿ÌØÒâ´ÓÆäËûµÄ¹¤³ÌÖгéµ÷ÁË´óÁ¿µÄÈËÊÖºÍÉ豸£¬±£Ö¤ÕâÌõÌú·µÄ¹¤³Ì½ø¶È¡£µ«Í¬Ê±£¬Ò²Ê¹µÃÔì¼ÛÌá¸ßÁ˲»ÉÙ¡£¶øÕþ¸®µÄ²ÆÕþ£¬¸ù±¾¾ÍÎÞÁ¦Ö§³Å¡£²»µÃÒÑ£¬»¹ÊÇÖ»ÓÐѲÔÄʹ¸®×Ô¼ºÌÍÑü°ü¡£´ÓÍõäìµÄ˽ÈËÕË»§Ö®ÖУ¬×·¼ÓÁËÉÏǧÍòµÄͶÈ룬Õâ²ÅʹµÃÕâÌõÌú·Äܹ»¿ìËٵĽøÕ¹¡£Ô¤¼Æ£¬ÔÚÃ÷ÄêÄêÖУ¬ÕûÌõÌú·¾Í½«½¨³Éͨ³µ¡£

ÒòΪµØÀíÌõ¼þ¶ñÁÓ£¬´ó²¿·ÖµÄÌú·¹¤È˶¼ÊÇ´¨Î÷ÔÚÀú´ÎµÄÕ½ÕùÖÐÈ¡µÃµÄÕ½·ý¡£ÀýÈ磬ÕâÒ»´ÎÖÐÓ¢±ß¾³³åÍ»Öзý²µÄÁ½Íò¶àÓ¡¶È°¢Èý£¬¾ÍÈ«²¿Í¶Èëµ½ÁËÕâÌõÌú·µÄÐÞ½¨µ±ÖС£ÕâЩÀÁÉ¢µÄÓ¡¶È°¢Èý£¬ÔÚ´¨Î÷¾üµÄǹ¿Ú֮ϣ¬·Â·ð±äÁËÒ»¸öÈËËƵģ¬·Ç³£µÄÇÚ¿ì¡£ÔÚÐÞ½¨Ìú·µÄ¹ý³ÌÖ®ÖУ¬ÒòΪ¸÷ÖÖÎÊÌ⣬ÕâЩս·ýµÄËÀÍöÂʷdz£µÄ¸ß¡£µ«¼´±ãÈç´Ë£¬´¨Î÷·½ÃæÒ²²»¹Ü²»¹Ë¡£¾ÍÈçÃÀ¹úÐÞ½¨Ì«Æ½ÑóÌú·µÄʱºò£¬ËÀÁËÎÞÊýµÄ»ª¹¤£¬Ã¿Ò»¸ùÕíľÏÂÃ涼ÓÐÒ»¾ß»ª¹¤µÄʬÌå¡£¶ø¹óçßÌú·£¬ÄÇͬÑùÈç´Ë¡£ÕâЩӡ¶È°¢ÈýµÄʬÌ壬½«ÆÌÂúÕû¸öÌú·Ïß¡£

¡°ÉÙ˧£¬ÎÒÃǴӵ¹ú²É¹ºµÄ´óÐÍÔì´¬³§µÄÉ豸ÒѾ­¿ªÊ¼ÆðÔËÁË£¬Á½¸öÔ¾ÍÄܹ»Ô˵½±±º££¡º£¾ü·½ÃæÒѾ­µÈ²»¼°ÒªÐÞ½¨Ôì´¬³§ÁË£¡¡±¸±²Îı³¤²ÌÔƶÔÍõعÔó˵µÀ¡£

¡°àÅ£¡ÎÒÃǵĺ£¾üÂíÉϾÍÒª½¨Á¢ÁË¡£ÕâÑù£¬ÏȳÉÁ¢Ò»¸öº£¾ü²¿°É£¡ÏÂϽ½¢¶Ó¡¢Ôì´¬³§ºÍºóÇÚÕ⼸¸ö²¿ÃÅ¡£µÈº£¾ü׳´óÆðÀ´Ö®ºó£¬ÔÙÕýʽµÄ³ÉÁ¢º£¾ü²¿¡£µ½Ê±ºò£¬Â½º£¾ü¾ÍµÃ·Ö¼ÒÁË£¡¡±ÍõعÔó˵µÀ¡£º£¾ü£¬ËäÈ»ÊÇ´¨Î÷×îΪ³ÉÁ¢µÄ¾ü¶Ó£¬µ«ÔÚ½ñºóµÄºÜ³¤Ò»¶Îʱ¼äÄÚ£¬¶¼ÊÇÐèÒª×îÖØÊӵIJ¿¶Ó¡£´¨Î÷£¬²»¿ÉÄÜÓÀÔ¶À§Êش󽣬Ҫ²ÎÓëÊÀ½çµÄÕù¶á£¬Ò»Ö§Ç¿´óµÄº£¾ü£¬ÄÇÊDZز»¿ÉÉٵġ£

µÚ170Õ¡¡º£¾üµÄÒ°Íû

ѲÔÄʹ¸®£¬ÍõäìµÄÊé·¿¡£Ô­±¾£¬ÕâÀïÊÇÍõäì´¦Àí¹«ÎñµÄµØ·½¡£ÏÖÔÚ£¬Íõäì´ó²¿·ÖµÄʱ¼ä¶¼ÔÚÎÔ´²ÐÞÑø£¬ÕâÀïÒ²¾Í³ÉΪÁËÍõعÔó´¦ÀíÕþÎñºÍ¾üÎñµÄµØ·½£¬Ò²±íÏֵıíÃ÷£¬ÍõعÔóÏÖÔÚÒѾ­½Ó¹ÜÁË´¨Î÷µÄȨÁ¦¡£¶ø¶Ô´Ë£¬´¨Î÷ÉÏÏÂÒ²»ù±¾ÉÏÒѾ­ÈÏͬÁË¡£

8ÔÂ3ÈÕ£¬ÍõعÔóÕÙ¼ûÁ˲Îı±¾²¿µÄ¸±²Îı³¤ÒÔ¼°ÆäËûµÄ¼¸¸öÈË£¬ÉÌÒéµÄÖ÷Òª¾ÍÊǺ£¾ü²¿µÄ³ÉÁ¢¡£ÕâЩÈË£¬¶¼ÊÇ´¨Î÷ÔçÒѾ­´¢±¸ºÃÁ˵ġ£Ö»²»¹ý£¬Ö®Ç°Ã»Óгöº£¿Ú£¬´¨Î÷µÄº£¾üÒ²¾ÍÎÞ´Ó̸Æð¡£ÏÖÔÚ£¬´¨Î÷µÄº£¾ü³ÉÁ¢ÔÚ¼´£¬ÕâЩÈËÒ²¾Í¶¼ÅÉÉÏÓó¡ÁË¡£

×øÔÚÍõعÔóÃæÇ°µÄ£¬ÊÇËĸöÖÐÄêÄÐ×Ó£¬ËûÃÇ£¬¾ÍÊÇÐÂÒ»½ìº£¾ü²¿µÄÖ÷ÒªÁìµ¼¡£·Ö±ðÊǺ£¾ü²¿²¿³¤Õųɣ¬×°±¸´¦´¦³¤ÎâµÂÕ£¬¾üÐè´¦´¦³¤Ò¶Áúæø£¬Ôì´¬³§×ܼàκº²¡£½¢¶Ó˾ÁîÔòÊÇÍíÇ庣¾üÖøÃû½«ÁìµËÊÀ²ý£¬²»¹ý£¬ÏÖÔÚµËÊÀ²ý²»ÔÙ¹úÄÚ£¬ÕýÔڵ¹ú¸ºÔð½ÓÊÕ´¨Î÷µÄÕ½½¢¡£Ô­±¾ÔÚ±±Ñ󽢶ÓÖÐÈÎÖ°µÄËû£¬Ç°¼¸ÄêÒѾ­±»´¨Î÷¸øÍÚÁ˹ýÀ´¡£ÕâÒ»´Î£¬Ò²ÔÙÒ²²»»áÓÐËûÔÚº£ÉÏ׳ÁÒÎþÉüµÄÊÂÁË¡£ÁíÍ⣬½¢¶Ó²Îı³¤ÀУ¬Ò²ÊÇ´Ó±±Ñ󽢶ÓÖÐÍÚ¹ýÀ´µÄÈ˲ţ¬ÏÖÔÚÒ²Ôڵ¹ú¡£ËûÃǽ«Ëæ׎¢¶ÓÔÚÃ÷ÄêÒ»Æð»Ø¹ú¡£

ÕųÉÔ­±¾ÊǸ£½¨Ë®Ê¦µÄÑïÎä½¢µÄ¹Ü´ø£¬Í¬Ê±±»ÈÎÃüΪÃö°²Õò¸±½«£¬¸ºÔðͳ˧¸£½¨Ë®Ê¦¡£Ö»²»¹ý£¬ÔÚÖз¨Âí½­º£Õ½ÖУ¬ÑÓÎóÕ½»ú£¬´¦Öò»µ±£¬Ê¹µÃ¸£½¨Ë®Ê¦ÔâÊÜÁ˾޴óµÄËðʧ£¬¼¸ºõÈ«¾ü¸²Ãð¡£Ì¹°×µÄ˵£¬ÕųÉËäÈ»ÓÐÒ»¶¨µÄÔðÈΣ¬µ«×ÜÌå¶øÑÔ£¬»¹ÊÇÂúÇåˮʦÖÐÄÇÌ׸¯ÐཀྵӲµÄÖƶȵĹØϵ¡£Õųɱ¾ÈË£¬Ò²ÊǷdz£ÓÐÄÜÁ¦µÄ£¬ÊÇÇåÄ©º£¾üÖÐÔçÆÚ½«ÁìºÍ×îÔçÈν¢¶Ó˾Áî¡£¸£½¨Ë®Ê¦¼¸ºõÈ«ÃðÖ®ºó£¬ÕųÉÒ²±»¸ïÖ°¡£¶øÍõä죬Ôò³Ã´Ë»ú»á½«ÆäÊÕÂÞµ½ÁË´¨Î÷µÄÆìÏ¡£µ±È»£¬»¹ÓдóÁ¿µÄ¸£½¨Ë®Ê¦µÄ¾ü¹ÙºÍË®±ø¡£ÕâЩ¾ü¹ÙºÍË®±ø£¬¶¼±»³ä³âµ½ÁË´¨Î÷µÄ³¤½­½¢¶ÓÖ®ÖУ¬ÎªµÄ£¬¾Í½«À´´¨Î÷º£¾üµÄáÈÆ𡣶øÏÖÔÚ£¬ÕâÒ»ÌìÖÕÓÚÀ´ÁË¡£

×°±¸´¦´¦³¤ÎâµÂÕ£¬×Ö»ÀÆ䣬¸£½¨ÃöºîÈË¡£1866Ä꿼È븣ÖÝ´¬ÕþǰѧÌã¬ÎªµÚÒ»½ìÖÆÔì°àѧÉú¡£±ÏÒµºóÈë´¬Õþ¾Ö´¬³§£¬1875Äê6Ô¿ª¹¤£¬1876Äê3ÔÂÏÂË®µÄ¡°ÒÕС±ºÅ£¬ÊÇÓÉÎâµÂÕµȴ¬ÕþѧÌÃÖÆÔì°àѧÉú×ÔÐÐÉè¼Æ¼àÔ죬¸Ã½¢ÊǸ£½¨´¬Õþ×ÔÐÐÉè¼ÆÖÆÔìµÄµÚÒ»ËÒ¾ü½¢£¬±»ÉòÝáèåÓþΪ¡°Öйú·¢´´Ö®Ê¼¡±¡£1879Äê´º£¬ÎâµÂÕµÈÓÖ¸°Â¬°®¶ûºÍ²¼¿²ÎîÊ¿º£Â½¸÷ÅÚ³§Ñ§Ï°ÖÆÅÚ£¬1880Ä꣬ÎâµÂÕÂѧ³É¹é¹ú£¬Èθ£ÖÝ´¬Õþ¾Ö¼à¹¤¡¢´¬Õþ×ܼࡣÔÚÂíβÔì´¬³§£¬ËûÓëκº²¡¢³ÂÕ×°¿¡¢ÀîÊÙÌï¡¢Ö£ÇåÁ®¡¢ÑîÁ®³¼µÈÈËÃÜÇкÏ×÷£¬ÏȺóÖÆÔìÁ˽ü´úµÚÒ»ËÒѲº£¿ì´¬¡°¿ª¼ÃºÅ¡±£¬µÚÒ»ËÒ¸Ö¼×ѲÑ󽢡°ÁúÍþºÅ¡±£¨ºó¸Ä¡°Æ½Ô¶¡±ºÅ£©£¬´óÐ͸ֹÜÓãÀ׿ìͧ¡°¹ãÒÒ¡±¡¢¡°¹ã±û¡±Ê®¼¸ËÒ¾ü½¢¡£ÂíβÔì´¬³§±»»ÙÖ®ºó£¬ËûÒ²±»ÍõäìÊÕÂÞµ½ÁË´¨Î÷£¬Á¬´ø×Å£¬»¹ÓдóÁ¿µÄÂíβ´¬³§µÄ¹¤ÈË¡£ÓÉËûÀ´³öÈκ£¾üµÄ×°±¸´¦´¦³¤£¬ÎÞÒÉÊÇ×îΪºÏÊʵġ£

¾üÐè´¦´¦³¤Ò¶Áúæø£¬Í¬ÑùÊǸ£½¨Ë®Ê¦ÖеĽ«Á죬ԭ±¾¾Í´ÓʾüÐè¹ÜÀí¹¤×÷¡£ÔÚ¸£½¨Ë®Ê¦¸²ÃðÖ®ºó£¬Ò²¸úËæÕųÉÒ»ÆðÀ´µ½ÁË´¨Î÷¡£ÕâÒ»´Î£¬´¨Î÷µÄº£¾ü²¿³ÉÁ¢£¬Ëû»¹ÊǸɻØÁËÀϱ¾ÐС£

κº²£¬×Ö¼¾ä¾£¬¸£½¨¸£Öݶ«½¼ÈË£¬Öйú½ü´úÖøÃûÔ콢ר¼Ò¡£1866Ä꿼È븣ÖÝ´¬ÕþǰѧÌõÚÒ»ÆÚ£¬Ñ§Ï°´¬²°½¨Ô죬ÔÚѧÌÃÖУ¬Îºå«¿Ì¿àÓù¦£¬³É¼¨ÃûÁÐǰé¡£1871Äê±ÏÒµºó·ÖÅäÔÚ´¬Õþ´¬³§¹¤×÷£¬1875κ嫳ö¹úѧϰ£¬ÓÉÓÚѧϰ³öÉ«£¬±»Àî·ï°úÆÀ¼ÛΪ¡°¹û¸Ò¾«½ø¡±¡£1879Äêѧ³É¹é¹úºóÈδ¬Õþ¹¤³Ì´¦×Ü˾Ôì´¬¡£1880Äê12Ô·îÃü¸°µÂ¹ú¼àÔì¡°¶¨Ô¶¡±½¢£¬1882Äê»Ø¹úºó²ÎÓ뽨ÔìÁË¡°¿ª¼Ã¡±ºÅ£¬ºóÓÖÖ÷³ÖÖйúµÚÒ»ËÒ¸Ö¼×½¢¡°ÁúÍþ¡±£¨¼´¡°Æ½Ô¶¡±£©µÄ½¨Ô죬ΪÖйúÔì´¬¹¤ÒµµÄ·¢Õ¹×ö³öÁ˲»¿ÉÄ¥ÃðµÄ¹±Ïס£ÕâÒ»´Î£¬Ëû½«³ÉΪº£¾ü²¿ÏÂϽµÄ±±º£Ôì´¬³§µÄÊ×ÈÎ×ܼ࣬¸ºÔð´¨Î÷½«ÁìµÄÕ½½¢µÄ½¨Ôì¡£Ïò¹úÍ⹺Âò£¬ËäÈ»¸ü¿ì½Ý£¬Ò²¸üÊ¡Ç®¡£µ«´¨Î÷µÄº£¾üÏëҪǿ´óÆðÀ´£¬²»¿ÉÄÜÓÀÔ¶¶¼¿¿ÏòÍâ¹ú¹ºÂòµÄ¡£±ØÐë×ÔÐн¨Ô죬²¢ÇÒÊǽ¨ÔìÊÀ½çÉÏ×îÏȽø£¬×îÇ¿´óµÄÕ½½¢²ÅÐС£

¡°¸÷룬´¨Î÷µÄº£¾ü£¬Ïà±È½¾ü£¬¼¸ºõÊÇһƬ¿Õ°×¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÎҺ͸¸Ç׶¼¼áÐÅ£¬´¨Î÷²»ÄÜûÓк£¾ü£¬±ØÐëÓÐһֻǿ´óµÄº£¾ü¡£¶ÔÓÚº£¾ü£¬ÎÒÃǶ¼±§ÓкÜÇ¿µÄÐÅÐÄ£¬½ÓÏÂÀ´£¬¾Í¿´¸÷λµÄÁË¡£ÎÒÏò¸÷λ±£Ö¤£¬º£¾ü½«ÊǽÓÏÂÀ´´¨Î÷·¢Õ¹µÄÖØÖÐÖ®ÖØ¡£Ï£Íû¸÷λÄܹ»Îª´¨Î÷ѵÁ·³öÒ»Ö§ÊÀ½çÒ»Á÷µÄº£¾ü£¡¡±ÍõعÔóÖ£ÖصÄ˵µÀ¡£

¡°ÉÙ˧·ÅÐÄ£¬Îҵȱؽ«¾¡Ðľ¡Á¦£¬Èô¨Î÷º£¾üÔçÈÕ³ÉΪһÁ÷µÄº£¾ü£¡¡±ÕųɵÈÈËÁ¢¿Ì˵µÀ¡£ÔÚÂí½­º£Õ½Ö®ºó£¬ËûÃÇÕâЩ¸£½¨Ë®Ê¦µÄÈË£¬ÈÕ×Ó¶¼·Ç³£Äѹý¡£ÐҺô¨Î÷Éì³öÁËÔ®ÊÖ£¬Òª²»È»ËûÃÇ¿ÖžÍÇîÀ§Áʵ¹ÁË¡£²¢ÇÒ£¬ÕâЩÈ˶¼Êǽ«Ò»Éú·îÏ׸øÁ˺£¾üµÄÈË£¬Äܹ»ÎªÁË´¨Î÷º£¾üµÄÇ¿´óΪŬÁ¦£¬ÕâÕýÊÇËûÃÇËùÏ£ÍûµÄ¡£

¡°ÉÙ˧£¬º£¾ü²Ý´´£¬ÕâÒ»´ÎÎÒÃÇ»áÓжàÉÙµÄÕ½½¢£¿¡±ÕųÉÎʵÀ¡£ËäÈ»¸Õ¸Õ±»ÈÏÃüΪº£¾ü²¿²¿³¤£¬µ«¶ÔÓÚ´¨Î÷ÏòµÂ¹úºÍÓ¢¹ú¶©¹ºÕ½½¢µÄÊ£¬Ò»Ö±¶¼ÊÇÃØÃÜ£¬ËûÃÇÒ²²¢²»ÖªÏþ¡£Õųɷ¢ÎÊÖ®ºó£¬ËùÓÐÈ˶¼½ôÕŵĿ´×ÅÍõعÔó¡£

¡°È¥Ä꣬¸¸Ç×ÏòµÂ¹ú¶©¹ºÁËÒ»ÅúÕ½½¢£¬°üÀ¨µÂ¹úµÂ¹úÏÖÔÚÁ½ËÒ×îÇ¿´óµÄ¡®²ªÀ¼µÇ±¤¼¶¡¯Õ½½¢£¬4ËÒ×°¼×ѲÑ󽢺Í10ËÒÇýÖ𽢡£ÕâÅú½¢¶Ó£¬½«ÔÚÃ÷ÄêÏÄÌì×óÓһعú¡£ÁíÍ⣬ǰ¶Îʱ¼äÎÒÃÇÓÖÏòÓ¢¹ú·½Ã涩¹ºÁËÁ½ËÒ¡®¾ýȨ¼¶¡¯Õ½Áн¢£¬ÈýËÒŒ^¼×ѲÑ󽢺ÍÁùËÒÇýÖ𽢡£ÕâÒ»ÅúÕ½½¢£¬½«ÔÚÃ÷ÄêÄêµ×֮ǰ»Ø¹ú£¡¡±ÍõعÔóÃæ´ø΢ЦµÄ˵µÀ¡£ÕâЩս½¢£¬½«³ÉΪ´¨Î÷º£¾üµÄÖ÷Á¦£¬Ò²½«³ÉΪδÀ´Ò»¶Îʱ¼äÄÚ´¨Î÷º£¾üºÍÈÕ±¾½¢¶ÓÕùÐ۵ı£Ö¤¡£

ÕųɵÈÈËÌýÁËÍõعÔóµÄ»°Ö®ºó£¬²»Óɵõ¹ÎüÒ»¿ÚÁ¹Æø£¬Í¬Ê±£¬ÑÛÖо¡ÊǾªÏ²µÄÄ¿¹â¡£Ô­±¾£¬ËûÃÇÒÔΪ´¨Î÷¶©¹ºµÄÕ½½¢£¬¿ÖžÍÊÇÉÙÁ¿µÄһЩѲÑó½¢Ö®Äڵġ£ÍêȫûÓÐÏëµ½£¬¾ÓÈ»ÊÇÒ»Ö»ÓµÓÐËÄËÒµ±ÊÀ×îÇ¿´óµÄÖ÷Á¦½¢µÄ½¢¶Ó°¡£¡µÈÕâЩ½¢¶Ó»Ø¹úÖ®ºó£¬´¨Î÷µÄº£¾ü¿ÖŽ«³¬Ô½±±Ñ󽢶ӣ¬³ÉΪԶ¶«×îÇ¿´óµÄ½¢¶Ó°¡£¡Ö®Ç°£¬ÍõعÔó˵´¨Î÷½«°Ñº£¾üµ±³ÉÖصãÀ´·¢Õ¹£¬ËûÃǶ¼»¹ÓÐЩ°ëÐÅ°ëÒɵġ£±Ï¾¹£¬´¨Î÷»¹Ã»ÓÐÍÆ·­ÂúÇ壬Õâ²ÅÊǽñºóµÄÖص㡣µ«ÊÇÏÖÔÚ£¬ËûÃǵĻ³ÒÉÒ²¶¼È«²¿ÑÌÏûÔÆÉ¢ÁË¡£´¨Î÷¿ÏͶÈë¾Þ×Ê£¬´òÔì³öÒ»Ö§Èç´ËÇ¿´óµÄ½¢¶Ó£¬ÕâÎÞÒÉÒѾ­±íÃ÷ÁË´¨Î÷·¢Õ¹º£¾üµÄ¾öÐÄ¡£

¡°¸÷룬½¢¶ÓÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ»¨Ç®Âò»ØÀ´¡£µ«ÊǺ£¾ü¹âÓн¢¶ÓÊDz»Ðеģ¬×îÖØÒªµÄ»¹ÊÇÈË¡£µÈ½¢¶Ó»Ø¹úÖ®ºó£¬Ï£Íûº£¾ü²¿Äܹ»¼Ó½ôѵÁ·£¬ÕùÈ¡ÔÚ×î¶ÌµÄʱ¼äÄÚÈú£¾ü³É¾ü¡£µ£¸ºÆð±£ÎÀ´¨Î÷µÄº£½®µÄÖØÈΣ¡¡±ÍõعÔó¿´×Å´ó¼Ò˵µÀ¡£

¡°ÉÙ˧·ÅÐÄ£¡ÎÒµÈÒ»¶¨²»¸ºÉÙ˧ËùÍУ¡¡±ÕųɵÈÈËÁ¢¿Ì±£Ö¤µÀ¡£

¡°ÉÙ˧£¡ËäÈ»Ôì´¬³§»¹Ã»Óн¨ºÃ£¬µ«ÊìÁ·¹¤ÈËÎÒÃÇÊÇ×ã¹»µÄ¡£µÈÔì´¬³§½¨ºÃÖ®ºó£¬ÎÒÃǾÍÄܹ»¿ªÊ¼½¨ÔìÕ½½¢ÁË¡£Ö÷Á¦µÄÕ½½¢ÎÒÃÇËäÈ»ÒѾ­¹ºÂòÁË£¬µ«ÅäÌ×µÄÕ½½¢£¬ÈçÅÚ½¢ºÍ²¹¸ø½¢Ö®ÀàµÄ£¬»¹ÐèÒªÎÒÃÇ×Ô¼º½¨Ôì¡£µ±³õÔÚÂíβ´¬³§µÄʱºò£¬ÎÒÃÇÒѾ­Äܹ»½¨ÔìÁ½Ç§Ò»°Ù¶Ö¼¶µÄѲÑó½¢ÁË£¬µÈ´ÓµÂ¹ú½ø¿ÚµÄÉ豸µ½ÁËÖ®ºó£¬ÎÒÃǾÍÄܹ»½¨Ôì×Ô¼ºµÄÕ½½¢ÁË£¡¡±Ôì´¬³§×ܼàκº²Ê×ÏÈ˵µÀ¡£

¡°Õâ¸öÊÇ×ÔÈ»¡£Ò»Î¶µÄÏòÍ⹺Âò£¬Ê¼ÖÕ²»Êdz¤¾ÃÖ®¼Æ¡£Ôì´¬³§²»½ö½öÒª½¨ÔìѲÑó½¢£¬ËûÈÕ»¹Òª½¨ÔìÎÒÃÇ×Ô¼ºµÄÕ½Áн¢¡£Îҷdz£ÆÚ´ýÄÇÒ»ÌìµÄµ½À´£¡¡±ÍõعÔó˵µÀ¡£

ÔÚÕû¸ö¶þÊ®ÊÀ¼ÍµÄÇ°¶þÊ®Ä꣬º£¾üÖ®ÖУ¬ÒÀ¾ÉÊǾ޽¢´óÅÚµÄÌìÏ¡£´¨Î÷µÄº£¾üҪǿ´ó£¬Ò²²»¿É±ÜÃâµÄ×ßÉÏÕâÒ»Ìõ·¡£Ïà±ÈÁÐÇ¿£¬´¨Î÷µÄº£¾ü֮·²Å¸Õ¸ÕµÄ¿ªÊ¼£¬»¹Óкܳ¤Ò»¶Î·Ҫ×ß¡£ÕâÆäÖУ¬Ôì´¬£¬ÒÔ¼°Õ½½¢µÄÉè¼ÆÊǹؼü¡£´¨Î÷µÄÔì´¬³§£¬²»½ö½öҪƸÇëÍâ¹úµÄר¼Ò£¬Í¬Ê±Ò²ÒªÅàÑø×Ô¼ºµÄÈ˲š£Õâ²ÅÊǺ£¾üµÄ¸ù±¾¡£

½ÓÏÂÀ´£¬ÖÚÈËÓÐ̸ÁËһЩ¶ÔÓÚº£¾üµÄ½¨ÉèÖ®ÀཨÒ飬ÍõعÔó¶ÔÓںõĽ¨Ò飬Ҳ¶¼²ÉÄÉÁË¡£²¢ÇÒ£¬ÏòËûÃDZ£Ö¤£¬ÔÚº£¾ü׳´óÆðÀ´Ö®ºó£¬´¨Î÷µÄ¾ü¶Ó£¬½«×¨ÃŽ¨Á¢º£¾ü²¿ºÍ½¾ü²¿£¬Á½ÕߵĵØ뽫ÍêÈ«µÈͬ¡£Æ½Ê±£¬¹ú·À²¿¸ºÔðÕâÁ½¸ö²¿Ãŵľü·Ñ¡¢½úÉýµÈ¡£×ܲÎı²¿ÔòÔÚսʱ¸ºÔðÁìµ¼ÕâÁ½¸ö²¿ÃÅ¡£

ÍõعÔóµÄ̬¶È£¬ÈÃÕâЩԭ¸£½¨Ë®Ê¦µÄ½«ÁìÃ

СÌáʾ£º°´ »Ø³µ [Enter] ¼ü ·µ»ØÊéÄ¿£¬°´ ¡û ¼ü ·µ»ØÉÏÒ»Ò³£¬ °´ ¡ú ¼ü ½øÈëÏÂÒ»Ò³¡£ ÔÞһϠÌí¼ÓÊéÇ©¼ÓÈëÊé¼Ü