徊鹂牛蛭胰衔桓谜饷醋觯5獻 didn’t like opening the letter意为 I openedit reluctantly(我不情愿地拆开了信)。
E 在enjoy和dislike之后常常接名词/代词或动名词。
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296 would like和 want
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A 在下列情况下,这两个词可以互换使用:
1 用于请求或有关请求的问句中(但这里不使用 would not like,参见下面B1):
Customer:I’d like some raspberries,please./I want some raspberries,please.
顾客:请给我拿点儿木莓。
Greengrocer:I’m afraid I haven’t any.Would you like somestrawberries?
蔬菜水果商:对不起,我没有木莓了。您来点草莓怎么样?
Customer:No,I don’t want any strawberries,thanks.
顾客:不,谢谢,我不想要草莓。(这里不能用 wouldn’t like。)
I would like常常要比 I want更有礼貌。
would you like?要比do you want?更有礼貌,也更殷勤。
would you like?可以含有愿意满足别人的希望的意思。do youwant?则不含有这种意思。因此,与顾客或客人打交道时,通常用 would you like?:
Caller:I’d like to/I want to speak to Mr X,please.
打电话者:我想找X先生说话。
Telephonist:Mr X is out.Would you like to speak to Mr Y?
话务员:X先生出去了。您跟Y先生说行吗?
2 如果不是提出请求而只是谈到愿望时,可以随意用would like或want的肯定式、疑问式或否定式。它们的意思没有区别,然而,I want要比I would like显得更自信。 I want通常不用于表示不可实现的愿望:
I would like to live on Mars.
但愿我能住到火星上去。
B would like和want在下列用法中不能互换:
1 表示邀请时用 would you like?结构,而不能用do you want?结构:
Would you like a cup of coffee?
您想喝一杯咖啡吗?
Would you like to e to the theatre?
您想来剧院看戏吗?
do you want?用于此处只表示一种询问,不含有邀请的意思。
2 wouldn’t like和 don’t want是有区别的。
don’t want表示没有某种愿望;wouldn’t like表示不喜欢。因此,wouldn’t like不能用来回答邀请或提议,因为在这种回答中 wouldn’t like的口气将是不礼貌的。在这里常用 don’twant或其他形式来代替 wouldn’t like:
—Would you like some more coffee?
—No,I don’t want any more,thanks./No,thanks.
—您再来点儿咖啡吗?
—不,不要了,谢谢。
C 在过去时中这两种形式的变化不同。在间接引语中want变为 wanted,而would like不起变化:
Tom said,‘I would like/want to see it.’
汤姆说:“我想看看它”。相当于:
Tom said he would like/wanted to see it.
汤姆说他想看看它。
但如果不用间接引语的结构来表示,只能说: Tom wanted tosee it(这里我们不能用would like因为Tom would like to seeit的意思是指现在或将来)。
D would like有两个过去形式:would like+ 不定式的完成式或would like+ 不定式/名词/代词。这些形式只能表示未能实现的愿望:
I’d like to have gone skiing./I’d have liked a day’s skiing.
我本想去滑雪的。(但我未能实现我的愿望。)
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297 would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefer
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would rather和would sooner之间没有区别,但经常听到的是would rather。
A would rather/sooner的主语与后面的动作的主语相同时,would rather/sooner之后常常接不带to的不定式:
Tom would rather read than talk.
汤姆宁可读书而不愿谈天。
1 would rather/sooner+ 不带to的不定式可用来表示现在的动作,以代替prefer+ 动名词:
Tom prefers reading to talking.
汤姆喜欢读书而不喜欢谈天。
注意:would rather后跟不带to的不定式+than+不带 to的不定式,而prefer后跟动名词+to+动名词。
prefer后面也可跟名词,而在would rather之后要求只带动词原形:
He prefers wine to beer.相当于:
He would rather drink wine than beer.
他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。
I prefer tennis to golf.相当于:
I’d rather play tennis than golf.
我喜欢打网球而不喜欢打高尔夫球。
某些 prefer+ 名词的情况不能用 would rather完全确切地表达出来:He prefers dogs to cats(他喜欢狗而不喜欢猫)和 Hewould rather have dogs than cats(他宁可养狗而不愿养猫)意思并不完全相同。
2 would rather+ 不带 to的不定式不能表示过去的偏爱。所以与 Tom would rather read than talk相当的过去形式为 Tompreferred reading to talking/liked reading better than talking。(参见下面4。)
3 would rather+ 不带to的不定式可代替 would prefer+带 to的不定式:
I’d rather fly than go by sea./I’d prefer to fly.
我宁愿乘飞机也不愿乘船。
注意:用would prefer时,只提到你愿意做的这件事,而不提另外一件你不愿做的事,如上所述。因此,如想把愿意和不愿意的两个动作都提到,则要用would rather。
这两个结构后面带名词时情况也一样:
—Would you like some gin?
—I’d prefer a coffee./I’d rather have coffee than gin.
—您想喝点杜松子酒吗?
—我想喝点咖啡。/我想喝点咖啡,不想喝杜松子酒。
4 would rather/sooner和would prefer后面都可跟完成式,但后者带to:
We went by sea but I’d rather have gone by air/I’d prefer to have goneby air.
我们是乘船去的,可我本想乘飞机去。(我愿意乘飞机去,可我的愿望未能实现。)
这和 would like+ 不定式的完成式有点相似,would like+带to 的不定式的完成式也表示未能实现的愿望。(参见第296节D。)
B 如句子的两个主语不相同,可用主语+ would rather/sooner后面跟主语+ 过去时(虚拟语气)结构:
—Shall I give you a cheque?
—I’d rather you paid cash.
—我付给您支票行吗?
—我想您最好付现金。
注意:用would rather+主语+didn’t表示带否定意义的偏爱:
—Would you like him to paint it?
—No,I’d rather he didn’t(paint it).
—您想让他给它上油漆吗?
—不,我希望他不要这么做。
Ann wants to tell Tom,but I’d rather she didn’t(tell him).
安想告诉汤姆,但我不想让她告诉他。
然而,prefer与like相同,后面都跟宾语+ 带to的不定式:
I’d prefer you to pay cash.
我想你最好付现金。
I’d prefer him not to paint it.
我不想让他给它上油漆。
I’d prefer her not to tell Tom.
我不想让她告诉汤姆。
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298 表示偏爱的另一些例句
A I like hot weather better than cold.相当于:
I prefer hot weather to cold.
I’d rather/sooner have hot weather than cold.
我喜欢热天,不喜欢冷天。
I like skiing better than skating.相当于:
I prefer skiing to skating.
I’d rather/sooner ski than skate.
我喜欢滑雪胜于滑冰。
B I liked playing in matches better than watching them.相当于:
I preferred playing matches to watching them.
我喜欢参加比赛而不喜欢观看比赛。(这里不能用 would rather/soon…er。)
C —Would you like to start today or would you rather wait/would you pre…fer to wait till tomorrow?
—I’d rather go today(than wait till tomorrow).I’d rather not wait./ I’d prefer to stary today.I’d prefer not to wait.
—你愿意今天动身呢,还是宁愿等到明天?
—我宁愿今天动身(而不愿等到明天)。我不想等了。
I’d rather deliver it by hand than post it.
这东西我宁愿亲手递交也不想邮寄。
He says he’d rather go to prison than pay the fine.
他说他宁愿蹲监狱也不肯交罚款。
I’d rather pay his fine for him than let him go to prison.
我宁愿替他交罚款,也不愿让他蹲监狱。
rather than… would+不带to的不定式可用于较正式的英语中:
Rather than let him go to prison, I would pay his fine myself.
我宁肯自己代他付罚款,也不愿让他蹲监狱。
D prefer与rather的一些例句:
—Do you want Ann to repair it herself?
—I’d prefer her to ring/I’d rather she rang the electrician./I’d rather
she didn’t try to repair it herself.
—您想让安自己来修吗?
—我想还是让她打电话给电工更好。/我不想让她自己修。
They want to camp in my garden but I’d rather they didn’t.I’d ratherthey camped by the river.
他们想要在我的园子里露营,不过我不想让他们在我的园子里露营。
我宁愿他们在河边露营。
He usually has a pub lunch,but she’d prefer him to e home for ameal/she’d rather he came home for lunch.She’d rather he didn’tspend money in pubs.
他一般在小酒馆里吃午饭,但她宁愿他回家吃饭/她宁愿他回家吃午饭。她不愿他把钱花在小酒馆里。
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299 wish,want和would like
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wish,want和would like都表示愿望。
wish是最正式的说法,关于want和would like参见第 296节。
A wish之后可以直接跟不定式或宾语+ 不定式:
—Why do/did you wish to see the manager?
—I wish/wished to make a plaint.
—为什么你要见经理?
—我要投诉。
The government does not wish Dr Jekyll Hyde to accept a professorship ata foreign university.
政府不想让杰基尔·海德博士接受某一外国大学的教授职务。
在不太正式的话语中可用want或would like:
I would like/want to speak to Ann.
我想跟安说话。
I wanted to speak to Ann.
我想跟安说话。
She doesn’t/didn’t want the children to stay up later.
她不想让孩子们睡觉太迟。(如果在这里用like来代替want,则意为她不赞成孩子们太迟去睡觉。话中表示了不喜欢的意思。)
B want和would like之后可直接跟名词:
I want/would like a single room.
我想要单人房间。
He wanted a single room.
他想要单人房间。
wish的用法较为受限制一些:
可以用wish来表示祝愿某人幸运/成功/圣诞快乐等:
He said,‘Good luck!’
他说:“祝你好运!”相当于:
He wished me luck.
他祝我运气好。
也可在写信时说向某人致以好的/最好的愿望:
With all good wishes,yours Bill
祝你万事如意!你的比尔(写于信的末尾)
Best wishes for the New Year
致以新年的美好祝愿!(写于贺年卡上)
除这一类的祝愿语之外,wish之后一般不接名词作宾语。
wish+for之后可跟名词/代词,但通常含义是主语对自己的愿望得以实现不抱太大的希望。这主要用于感叹句中:
How he wished for a drink!
他多希望能有点东西喝!(大概他能得到点喝的这件事是没有希望的事。)
What he chiefly wished for was a chance to explain.
他主要希望能有一个解释的机会。(好像他不大可能有这个机会。)
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300 wish+ 主语+ 虚拟过去时
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A wish(that)+ 主语+ 过去时(虚拟语气;参见第290节B)这一结构用于对目前的情况表示遗憾:
I wish I knew his address.
但愿我知道他的地址就好了。相当于:
I’m sorry I don’t know his address.
很遗憾,我不知道他的地址。
I wish you could drive a car.
我真希望你会开车。相当于:
I’m sorry you can’t drive a car.
真可惜你不会开车。
I wish hs was ing with us.
我多希望他能跟我们一起来。相当于:
I’m sorry he isn’t ing with us.
真遗憾他不能跟我们一起来。
wish可用在过去时中而不改变虚拟的意思:
He wished he knew the address.
他多希望他知道那个地址。相当于:
He was sorry he didn’t know the address.
他感到遗憾他不知道那个地址。
在间接引语中,虚拟过去时形式不用变化:
‘I wish I lived nearer my work,’he said.
“但愿我住得离工作地再近点,”他说。相当于:
He said he wished he lived nearer his work.
他说但愿他能住得离工作地再近点。
B wish(that)+ 主语+ 过去完成时(虚拟语气)表示对过去的情况表示遗憾:
I wish(that) I hadn’t spent so much money.
但愿我没花掉这么多钱就好了。相当于:
I’m sorry I spent so much money.
真后悔我花去了这么多钱。
I wish you had written to him.
但愿你给他写过信就好了。相当于:
I’m sorry you didn’t write to him.
真遗憾你没有给他写信。
wished可代替wish而不改变虚拟的意思:
I wished I hadn’t spent so much money.相当于:
I was so