step
step up（tr） 增速，加快（常指工业生产等）：
This new machine will step up production．（step it up）
这台新机器将使生产加快。
take
be taken aback（intr） 感到惊讶失措：
I was taken aback when I saw the bill．
我看到帐单时大吃一惊。
take after（tr）长得像（父母、祖父母等）：
He takes after his grandmother；she had red hair too．
他长得像他的祖母。他祖母也是红头发。
My father was forgetful and I take after him；I forget everything．
我爸爸爱忘事儿，而我就像他。我什么都忘。
take back（tr） 收回（所说的话、指责等）：
I blamed him bitterly at first but later，when I heard the whole story，Irealized that he had been right and I went to him and took back my re…marks．（took them back）
起初我痛切地指责他，但是后来当我知道了事情的全部情况时，就明白他是对的，所以我去找他收回我说的话。
take down（tr） 写下来（常指听写）：
He read out the names and his secretary took them down．（took down thenames/took the names down）
他把人名念出来，他的秘书则把那些名字记下来。
take for（tr） 错认：
I took him for his brother．They are extremely alike．
我把他错认成他的兄弟了。他俩长得像极了。
Do you take me for a fool？
你难道把我当成傻子不成？
take in（tr）
（a）欺骗，骗而使信：
At first he took us in by his stories and we tried to help him；but later welearnt that his stories were all lies．
起初他编的那些故事使我们相信他了，我们还想帮助他；可后来我们听说那全是谎话。
（b）接待，收留住下：
When our car broke down I knocked on the door of the nearest house．
The owner very kindly took us in and gave us a bed for the night．
我们的汽车坏了时，我敲最近的一家人家的门。房主很好心地收留了我们，给我们一张床过夜。
People who live by the sea often take in paying guests during the sum…mer．（take paying guests in/take them in）
住在海滨的人常在夏天留游客住宿，挣一些房钱。
（c）理解，（思想上）接受：
I was thinking of something else while she was speaking and I didn’t re…ally take in what she was saying．
她说话时我在想别的事，并没有真正理解她说的话。
I couldn’t take in the lecture at all．It was too difficult for me．（couldn’ttake it in）
讲座我完全听不懂。它对我来说太难了。
（d）改窄，改瘦（指衣服）：
I’m getting much thinner；I’ll have to take in my clothes．（take my clothes in/take them in）
我瘦多了，得把衣服改瘦。
take off（tr） 取下，脱下，褪去（指衣服时为put on的反义词）：
He took off his coat when he entered the house and put it on again whenhe went out．（took his coat off/took it off）
他进屋时脱下了外衣，出屋时又把它穿上了。
take off（intr） （飞机等）起飞，离地升空：
There is often a spectators balcony at airports where people can watchthe planes taking off and landing．
机场常设有看台，供人们观看飞机起飞降落。
take on
（a）承担工作：
She wants someone to look after her children．I shouldn’t care to take onthe job．They are very spoilt．（take the job on/take it on）
她想找人给她照料孩子。我可不想承担这份工作。她的孩子们都被宠坏了。
（b）雇用，招工：
They’re taking on fifty new workers at the factory．
这家工厂要招收50名新工人。
（c）接受某人为对手，应战：
I’ll take you on at table tennis．
我跟你打一局乒乓球试试。
I took on Mr Pitt at draughts．（took Mr Pitt on/took him on）
我接受皮特先生的应战，跟他下国际象棋。
take out（tr） 除去，清除：
Petrol will take out that stain．（take the stain out/take it out）
汽油能除去那块污渍。
The dentist took out two of her teeth．
牙科医生给她拔去两颗牙。
take somebody out 请人到外面去吃饭娱乐：
Her small boy is at boarding school quite near here．I take him out everymonth．
她的小男孩在离这儿很近的地方上寄宿学校。我每个月带他出来吃顿饭。
take over（tr/intr） 接受，接手，接管：
We stop work at ten o’clock and the night shift takes over until the fol…lowing morning．
我们10点钟停止工作，夜班接班一直工作到第二天早上。
Miss Smith is leaving to get married and Miss Jones will be taking overthe class/Miss Jones will be taking over from Miss Smith．
史密斯小姐要离职去结婚了，琼斯小姐将接手管理她的班级。（参见hand over。）
take to（tr）
（a）开始养成习惯。它常给人一种印象，即说话人认为这种习惯是坏习惯或是有点愚蠢的习惯，但也并非一定如此。后面常带动名词：
He took to drink．
他开始喝酒上瘾了。
He took to borrowing money from the petty cash．
他开始有了从小额现款中“借”用零用现金的习惯。
（b）对某人有好感，被（某物）所吸引（特别是首次见到时）：
I was introduced to the new headmistress yesterday．I can’t say I took toher．
昨天我被介绍给新来的女校长。我很难说我对她有好感。
He went to sea and took to the life like a duck to water．
他当海员去了，就像鸭子爱水一样爱上了这种生活。
（c）进入……似求逃命：
When they saw that the ship was sinking the crew took to the boats．
船员们看到船要下沉了，就上了救生船以求逃命。
After the failure of the coup many of the rebels took to the hills and be…came guerillas．
政变失败后，许多反叛的人上山打游击去了。
take up（tr）
（a）开始一种业余爱好、运动或学习（这里没有批评的意思）：
He took up golf and became very keen on it．（took it up）
他玩起了高尔夫球，并且变得很热衷于其中。
（b）占有（时间或空间）：
He has a very small room and most of the space is taken up by a grandpiano．
他住一个很小的房间，房间里一多半地方被一台大三角钢琴占去了。
A lot of an MP’s time is taken up with answering letters from his con…stituents．
国会议员要花不少时间给他的选民写回信。
talk
talk over（tr）讨论：
Talk it over with your wife and give me your answer tomorrow．（talkover my suggestion/talk my suggestion over）
你和你夫人把这件事好好谈一下，明天给我个回音。
think
think over（tr） 考虑：
I can’t decide straight away but I’ll think over your idea and let youknow what I decide．（think your idea over/think it over）
我眼下没法决定，可是我会把你的想法好好想一下，再让你知道我的决定。
throw
throw away/out（tr） 扔掉，抛弃（废物等）：
Throw away those old shoes．Nobody could wear them now．（throw theshoes away/throw them away）
把那些旧鞋都扔掉。现在谁也不会穿它们。
throw up（tr） 突然放弃（某种工作或计划）：
He suddenly got tired of the job and threw it up．（he threw up the job/threw the job up）
他忽然厌倦了这个工作，就不干了。
tie
tie someone up 捆住某人手脚使不能动弹：
The thieves tied up the night watchman before opening the safe．（tied the man up/tied him up）
盗匪在开保险柜之前将值夜班的警卫捆了起来。
try
try on（tr） 试穿（衣物）：
Customer in dress shop：I like this dress．Could I try it on？（try thisdress on/try on this dress）
服装店中的顾客：我喜欢这件衣服。能试穿一下吗？
try out（tr） 试验：
We won’t know how the plan works till we have tried it out．
我们要到试验过这个计划以后才能知道它的效果如何。
They are trying out new ways of preventing noise in hospitals．（tryingthem out）
人们在试验使用新的方法阻止医院里的噪音。
turn
turn away（tr） 拒之门外，阻挡在门外：
The man at the door turned away anybody who hadn’t an invitation card．（turned them away）
站在门口的这个人把没有请帖的人都拒之门外。
turn down（tr） 拒绝，不批谁，拒不接受建议、申请、申请的人等：
I applied for the job but they turned me down/turned down my applica…tion because I didn’t know German．
我申请这个职务，但是他们拒绝了我/我的申请，因为我不懂德语。
He was offered ￡500 for the picture but he turned it down．（turneddown the offer/turned the offer down）
人家提出要以500镑买他那幅画，但他拒绝了。
turn in（intr） 上床睡觉（主要为海员、露营者等所用）：
The captain turned in，not realizing that the icebergs were so close．
船长上床睡觉了，没有意识到冰山已靠得这么近了。
turn into（tr） 转换为，变为：
I am going to turn my garage into a playroom for the children．
我要把车库改建为孩子们的游戏室。
She turned the silver candlestick into a reading lamp．
她把这个银烛台改成了一盏阅读灯。
turn on（tr）（重音在turn上）突然袭击（袭击者常是朋友或
一头过去表示友好的野兽）：
The tigress turned on the trainer and struck him to the ground．
雌虎突然袭击驯虎人，把他打倒在地。
turn on/off（tr） 开/关（电灯、煤气、炉灶、收音机、水龙头等）turn out（tr）
（a）生产，产出：
The creamery turns out two hundred tons of butter a week．（turns it out）这家奶制品厂每周生产200吨黄油。
（b）逐出，翻出，腾空：
1 turn a person out 将人逐出家屋/套房/居室：
At one time，if tenants didn’t pay their rent the landlord could turn themout．
从前，如果房客付不起房租，房东可以把他们赶出去。
2 turn out one’s pockets/handbags/drawers etc．
将衣袋/手提包/抽屉等翻空，常是为了寻找某物：
‘Turn out your pockets，’said the detective．
侦探说：“把你口袋里的东西都翻出来。”
3 turn out a room 彻底打扫，先将家具搬出去：
I try to turn out one room every month if I have time．
我尽量在有工夫的时候每个月彻底打扫一个房间。
turn out（intr）
（a）集合，上街（常是为了欢迎某人）：
The whole town turned out to wele the winning football team whenthey came back with the Cup．
得胜的足球队捧着奖杯凯旋而归时，城里人万人空巷地欢迎他们。
（b）发展，变化，结果：
I’ve never made Yorkshire pudding before so I am not quite sure how it isgoing to turn out．
我以前从来没有做过约克郡布丁，因此我不知道这一次做出来的会结果如何。
Marriages arranged by marriage bureaux frequently turn out well．由婚姻介绍所安排的婚姻结果常常美满。
（c）原来是……（注意有两种结构：it turned out that…和he turned out to be…）：
He told her that he was a bachelor but it turned out that he was marriedwith six children．
他告诉她说他是单身汉，可事实证明他原来已经结婚了，有六个孩子。
Our car broke down half way through the journey but the hiker we hadpicked up turned out to be an expert mechanic and was able to put thingsright．
我们的汽车走到半路坏了，可是路上搭我们便车的那人敢情是个熟练的修车工，把车给修好了。
注意turn out与e out不同。用turn out时，后来所发现的事总是要说出来的，而且也并不暗示这事是坏事。用e out时，只告诉人说某些事实已经被揭露了（这些事实常是名声不好的），但不说明这些事实的内容。
turn over（tr）翻过来：
He turned over the stone．（turned the stone over/turned it over）
他把石头翻了过来。
The initials‘PTO’at the bottom of a page mean‘Please turn over’．
在一页下端的首字母缩写“PTO”意思是“请看背面”。
‘Turn over a new leaf．’
“翻开新的一页。”（再次开始，痛改前非。）
turn over（intr）
（a）翻转（指车、船等交通工具）：
The car struck the wall and turned over．
汽车撞到墙上，翻了个个儿。
The canoe turned over，throwing the boys into the water．
独木舟翻了，把男孩子们抛入水中。
（b）翻身（指人）：
It is d